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Familial concern and adolescent simultaneous polysubstance use on American Indian reservations

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dc.contributor.authorSmith, Joey K., author
dc.contributor.authorConner, Bradley T., advisor
dc.contributor.authorSwaim, Randall C., committee member
dc.contributor.authorRiggs, Nathaniel R., committee member
dc.date.accessioned2019-09-10T14:36:11Z
dc.date.available2019-09-10T14:36:11Z
dc.date.issued2019
dc.description.abstractAmerican Indian (AI) adolescents are at increased risk for substance misuse and related problems. AI adolescents initiate consumption earlier compared to non-American Indian (non-AI) adolescents, and are three times more likely to be diagnosed with a substance use disorder than non-AI adolescents. AI families may be more tolerant of substance misuse than non-AI families, and are likely to employ parenting styles which emphasize modeling and the importance of extended family. There is considerable literature on AI substance misuse, but to date no studies have examined simultaneous polysubstance misuse (SPM) within this population. SPM is the ingestion of two or more substances within the same period of time, so that the effects of the substances overlap. The synergistic effects of SPM are related to increasingly problematic outcomes in adolescents, such as increased substance misuse. Based on previous research, 3 hypotheses were offered: (1) that four proposed subscales, Substance Misuse Concern, Substance Misuse Deterrence, Substance Misuse Discussion, and Parental Monitoring, would comprise the latent construct Familial Oversight; (2) that Familial Oversight would significantly negatively predict increased likelihood of SPM endorsement; and (3) that this relation would be significantly moderated by participant's self-identified race, such that, for AI individuals the relation between Familial Oversight and SPM would be stronger than for non-AI individuals. Data were collected from middle and high school students (n = 4661) attending schools on or near AI reservations. Structural equation modeling was utilized to test the hypothesized model. Results indicated that modeling Familial Oversight as a unidimensional latent variable resulted in excellent model fit, x2(2) =20.23, p < .05; CFI = 0.994; SRMR = .064; RMSEA = .044 (90% C.I. [.128 - .063]); however, the factor loadings supported a two-factor model. Following modifications, a two-factor model of parenting was created with Parental Monitoring as a separate latent construct and the three remaining factors indicating the latent variable Familial Attitudes on the Misuse of Substances (FAMS); the modified model demonstrated excellent fit, x2(8) =32.87, p < .05; CFI = 0.997; RMSEA = .026 (90% C.I. [.017 - .035]). The two-factor model indicated SPM was negatively associated with Parental Monitoring (b = -0.131, S.E. = 0.033, b = -4.04, p < .001) but not significantly related to FAMS (b = -0.044, S.E. = 0.025, b = -1.79, p = .07). Finally, a multigroup SEM was conducted to test invariance, which demonstrated strong fit, x2(32) = 91.42, p < .05; CFI = 0.980; RMSEA = .028 (90% C.I. [.022 - .035]); however, self-identified racial status did not moderate the relations (p > .05). Though the proposed construct was not successfully indicated, Parental Monitoring demonstrated that parental awareness was important in significantly reducing the risk of SPM. Given AI adolescents' increased risk of negative outcomes, the known relation of AI substance misuse to familial influences, and Parental Monitoring's ability to reduce risk, it is important to understand how these factors are related to SPM.
dc.format.mediumborn digital
dc.format.mediummasters theses
dc.identifierSmith_colostate_0053N_15605.pdf
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10217/197376
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherColorado State University. Libraries
dc.relation.ispartof2000-2019
dc.rightsCopyright and other restrictions may apply. User is responsible for compliance with all applicable laws. For information about copyright law, please see https://libguides.colostate.edu/copyright.
dc.subjectAmerican Indian
dc.subjectaddiction
dc.subjectpolysubstance misuse
dc.titleFamilial concern and adolescent simultaneous polysubstance use on American Indian reservations
dc.typeText
dcterms.rights.dplaThis Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights (https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/). You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).
thesis.degree.disciplinePsychology
thesis.degree.grantorColorado State University
thesis.degree.levelMasters
thesis.degree.nameMaster of Science (M.S.)

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