Mountain Scholar
Mountain Scholar is an open access repository service that collects, preserves, and provides access to digitized library collections and other scholarly and creative works from Colorado State University and the University Press of Colorado. It also serves as a dark archive for the Open Textbook Library.
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Recent Submissions
Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , Cybersecurity incident management in the trucking industry(2026-03-13) Daily, Jeremy, author; Jonson, Urban, authorMotor freight transportation has evolved into a highly interconnected cyber-physical system linking commercial vehicles, telematics platforms, cloud services, logistics systems, and regulatory infrastructure. Modern fleets utilize Electronic Logging Devices (ELDs), telematics systems, cloud-based dispatch and fleet management platforms, remote diagnostics, and extensive third-party service providers to enable efficient and compliant operations. While these technologies generate substantial operational and safety benefits, they also introduce systemic cybersecurity risks by tightly coupling vehicle systems, enterprise IT environments, vendors, and regulatory infrastructure. As a result, cybersecurity incidents in the motor freight sector are no longer confined to data loss or traditional IT outages; they increasingly threaten to disrupt vehicle operations, degrade roadway safety, and cascade across supply chains and national borders. To date, the trucking industry has not experienced a publicly confirmed malicious cyber incident that simultaneously disrupts fleets, vendors, and freight operations at a large operational scale. However, research findings, observed vulnerabilities, and incidents in adjacent sectors demonstrate that the conditions for such an event already exist. Shared technology platforms, homogeneous device deployments, centralized telematics services, and reliance on cloud infrastructure create environments where localized compromises can propagate rapidly across multiple fleets or regions. This report examines cybersecurity incident management for cyber events that may evolve from subtle technical anomalies into widespread operational disruption. The analysis builds on the NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 to evaluate how the Detect, Respond, and Recover functions operate in a distributed environment characterized by fragmented authority, limited operational visibility, and complex vendor dependencies. Particular attention is given to the convergence of information technology (IT) and operational technology (OT), where cyber activity may resemble routine maintenance actions, equipment faults, or driver error. This ambiguity can delay detection and complicate escalation decisions, allowing incidents to persist or expand before coordinated response mechanisms are activated. A central finding of the report is that large-scale incident response in motor freight is constrained less by technology and more by organizational and systemic factors. Maintenance technicians, fleet operations personnel, and safety staff are often the first to observe operational anomalies, yet escalation pathways are typically designed for isolated mechanical failures rather than correlated cyber events. At the same time, technology vendors and cybersecurity teams may detect digital intrusions without clear visibility into their operational consequences. When incidents span fleets, vendors, or jurisdictions, it is uncertain who possesses the authority, resources, or situational awareness to coordinate an effective response independently. To address these challenges, the report introduces complementary frameworks designed to strengthen incident response across the motor freight ecosystem. A new Industry Readiness Maturity Model provides carriers and technology providers with a structured method for assessing and improving their ability to detect, respond to, and recover from cyber incidents affecting freight operations. Similarly, a Government Readiness Maturity Model provides a parallel framework for evaluating how public-sector organizations coordinate responses to large-scale incidents, including incident triage, interagency communication, technical assistance, and cross-border coordination. Because freight transportation routinely crosses provincial and national boundaries, government coordination is essential for managing systemic cyber incidents. The report highlights how stakeholders can support ecosystem resilience by facilitating information sharing, strengthening sector coordination, and aligning transportation cybersecurity practices with national frameworks such as Canada's Federal Cyber Incident Response Plan (FCIRP). The analysis also emphasizes the importance of compatible U.S.–Canada alerting and coordination mechanisms when incidents affect shared freight corridors, infrastructure providers, or cross-border supply chains. Ultimately, the report argues that cybersecurity incident management in motor freight must be treated as an operational capability rather than a compliance exercise. Effective preparedness requires shared situational awareness, structured escalation thresholds, practiced coordination mechanisms, and governance frameworks that recognize freight transportation as a distributed cyber-physical system. Largely, these incident response mechanisms already exist, but personnel (both government and industry) may not be aware of the available resources. By developing incident response and coordination plans, industry and government stakeholders can reduce the likelihood that cyber incidents escalate into widespread safety, economic, or national security disruptions.Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , Neurobiological and neuropsychological differences in autism and ADHD(2026) Rojas, Kylah, authorAutism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder share cognitive and behavioral features, yet their overlap does not imply identical neurobiology. This narrative review integrates a large structural neuroimaging investigation, a meta-analysis of task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging, and a review of cerebellar and neurocognitive functioning. The evidence indicates partly distinct cortical and functional patterns alongside shared difficulties involving executive functions and distributed brain networks. Cerebellar contributions extend beyond movement to cognitive and emotional processes, although causal pathways remain uncertain. Psychosocial stress is relevant to daily functioning and the interpretation of symptoms, but the reviewed evidence does not establish stress as the cause of observed brain differences. Diagnostic interpretation is further complicated by co-occurring conditions, developmental variation, and the underrepresentation of female participants and people with greater support needs. These findings support multidimensional assessment that connects developmental history, neuropsychological functioning, and environmental demands. Current group-level imaging results provide explanatory context rather than a validated diagnostic test for an individual.Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , Colorado avian health team internship(2026) Villatoro, Daniela Montalván, author; Hufford, Gracie, authorItem type:Item, Access status: Open Access , Advancing agrivoltaics research and extension in Colorado (Larimer County)(2026) Kevil, Mya, authorItem type:Item, Access status: Open Access ,