Mountain Scholar

Mountain Scholar is an open access repository service that collects, preserves, and provides access to digitized library collections and other scholarly and creative works from Colorado State University and the University Press of Colorado. It also serves as a dark archive for the Open Textbook Library.

Communities in Mountain Scholar

Select a community to browse its collections.

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3

Colorado State University, Fort Collins 27925
Explore the Colorado State University community’s scholarly output as well as items from the University at large and the CSU Libraries.
Open Textbook Library Archive 25
A limited number of titles are available here. To see all OTL titles, please visit the Open Textbook Library at https://open.umn.edu/opentextbooks. Only Open Textbook Library staff have access to all OTL Archive titles held in Mountain Scholar.
University Press of Colorado 1088
Access is limited to University Press of Colorado members. Non-members: to purchase books, please visit https://upcolorado.com/.

Recent Submissions

Access status: Open Access ,
The effects of type and severity of illegal sexual harassment and organizational justice on the reactions of females, human resource professionals, and employment lawyers to harassment situations in the workplace
(2000) Frame, Jennifer Hames, author; Thornton, George C., III, advisor; Cropanzano, Russell, committee member; Hogler, Raymond L., committee member; Bloom, Larry J., committee member
The present study used a legal framework to examine the effects of type (hostile environment vs. quid pro quo) and severity (mild vs. severe) of sexual harassment as well as level of organizational justice during the harassment complaint process on the reactions of females, lawyers, and human resource professionals (HR) to written depictions of sexual harassment in the workplace. Females and HR's knowledge of sexual harassment law was examined and it was found that although HR had more legal knowledge than females, both groups had some key knowledge deficiencies (e.g., knowledge of legal liability guidelines and administrative issues). Females' reactions to harassment varied depending on the type and level of harassment such that females were more likely to say they would pursue and/or win a legal case for quid pro quo and severe scenarios than for hostile environment and mild scenarios. In quid pro quo scenarios (vs. hostile environment), lawyers were more likely to say they would recommend a victim pursue legal action and were more likely to believe the victim would win a court case. All subjects had more negative reactions to harassment when organizational justice (i.e., perceived fairness of company procedures and interpersonal treatment) was lacking in the complaint process. When justice was absent, females were more likely to indicate they would pursue a lawsuit or quit the job instead of filing an internal complaint. Lawyers were more likely to recommend victims pursue internal action (vs. a lawsuit) when justice was present and felt that a plaintiff was more likely to win a court case when justice was absent. HR professionals recognized that adhering to principles of organizational justice could help a company avoid legal liability. Overall, the subject groups tended to agree about potential reactions to harassment, though the magnitude of the predicted responses varied in some cases. Implications of the findings on sexual harassment prevention training and education and on design of complaint systems are discussed in terms of the principles of organizational justice as related to the affirmative defense described in Burlington Industries, Inc. v. Ellerth and Faragher v. City of Boca Raton (1998).
Access status: Open Access ,
Synthetic and mechanistic studies of novel dioxiranes
(2000) Frohn, Michael John, author; Shi, Yian, advisor
Epoxides are versatile synthetic intermediates. The epoxidation of olefins via dioxiranes provides a particularly efficient route towards their synthesis, and studies into an asymmetric version have received great interest recently. Our group has been active in this area, and we have found an efficient asymmetric epoxidation method for simple unfunctionalized olefins using a fructose-derived ketone as catalyst and Oxone as oxidant. The asymmetric monoepoxidation of unsymmetrical conjugated dienes has been studied using the fructose-derived ketone. The regio- and enantioselectivities have been found to be very high in most cases. As a result, a variety of synthetically useful vinyl epoxides can be readily produced in optically enriched form. The method is complementary to the selective epoxidation of conjugated dienes catalyzed by chiral (salen)Mn complexes, in which the c/j-olefins are preferentially epoxidized. It is also complementary to the Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation of dienyl alcohols, which gives complete regioselective epoxidation at the epoxide proximal to the alcohol. The kinetic resolution of racemic olefins using this asymmetric epoxidation strategy has also been studied intensively. Very high levels of resolution efficiency have been observed with both 1,6- and 1,3-disubstituted cyclohexenes. Exocyclic cyclohexenes and acyclic olefins are resolved less efficiently. The method can be viewed as a valuable alternative to some of the existing kinetic resolutions since it does not involve transition metals and the experimental procedure is simple. Finally, in conjunction with these asymmetric studies, the efficient racemic epoxidation of olefins using dimethyldioxirane at high pH has also been discovered. Nearly every class of olefins can be efficiently epoxidized using the general procedure that has been developed. In addition, it is highly practical, as epoxidations of 0.1 mol can be undertaken without complications. Further advantages include a simple workup procedure and the use of environmentally benign ingredients.
Access status: Open Access ,
Evaluation of a personal heat stress monitor under dynamic conditions
(2000) Ellwood, Cynthia, author; Blehm, Kenneth D., advisor; Johnson, Janet A., committee member; Gotshall, Robert, committee member; Tucker, Alan, committee member; Herron, Robin, committee member
The Quest Electronics Questemp° II Personal Heat Stress Monitor was evaluated as to the ability of the adjusted-ear temperature measured and recorded by the instrument to equal a synchronous recording of the esophageal temperature and this equality would be maintained throughout all transient conditions. Two female and eight male subjects each performed eighteen tests in a hot environmental chamber. Each test included an exercise and rest phase. The tests were differentiated by exercise and rest temperatures, presence or absence of air movement, metabolic exercise load and clothing. The internal heat load was generated by having each subject exercise on a stationary bicycle. The instrument is intended to be used in conjunction with an effective heat stress management program as an alerting device when the wearer's core temperature has risen to unsafe levels. The study has shown that the monitor has deficiencies in accurately determining the body's core temperature. These deficiencies lie in the monitor's calibration method and the internal algorithm, which manipulates the actual ear canal temperature to an adjusted-ear temperature. Taking into account these deficiencies, the instrument can serve as an adjunct tool in the overall management of employee exposure to heat stress, which includes environmental assessment, medical surveillance, worker education and self-determination.
Access status: Open Access ,
Compiling SA-C to reconfigurable computing systems
(2000) Hammes, Jeffrey P., author; Böhm, Wim, advisor
Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have been available for approximately fifteen years and have experienced speed and density improvements similar to those of microprocessors. Current FPGAs can be reprogrammed in a matter of milliseconds, making them interesting candidates for reconfigurable computing, where specialized circuits can be produced for specific programs to execute more efficiently than a sequential program. Algorithms that are highly regular and exhibit parallelism may benefit from the use of FPGAs. A significant roadblock to this use of FPGAs is the difficult nature of programming them. Hardware description languages have been the predominant tools for creating FPGA circuit configurations, but these languages are low level and require digital circuit expertise its well as explicit handling of timing. To bring FPGAs into mainstream use by conventional programmers, familiar algorithmic language paradigms must be available, with compilers that can convert high level codes to FPGA configurations. This research presents SA-C (derived from "Single-Assignment C"), a pure functional algorithmic language intended for the expression of image processing (IP) applications. SA-C's functional nature makes the compiler's job easier, as compared with imperative languages: parallelism is easy to detect, and analysis and transformations are more straightforward. Perhaps the most important part of the language is its loop window generators, which not only express many IP operations in an elegant way but are highly useful in expressing optimizing transformations within the compiler. A Data Dependence and Control Flow (DDCF) hierarchical graph form is also presented, as an intermediate form with which the SA-C compiler performs its optimizations. These optimizations fall into two broad categories: graph simplifying and loop restructuring. The former are primarily conventional optimizations such as common subexpression elimination and constant folding. The loop restructuring optimizations include loop unrolling, stripmining and fusion, applied as DDCF-to-DDCF transformations using window generators. The compiler, after performing optimizations, is able to convert many inner loops to a low-level, flat dataflow graph designed for translation to VHDL and finally to FPGA configurations. The effects of the compiler's optimizations have been measured on some small kernel codes, and the loop restructuring optimizations are shown to be highly effective.
Access status: Open Access ,
Modeling forest stand structure using geostatistics, geographic information systems, and remote sensing
(2000) Hunner, Gerhard, author; Reich, Robin, advisor; Mowrer, A. Todd, advisor; Dean, Denis J., committee member; Laituri, Melinda J., committee member
Forest management requires the estimation and mapping of forest resources. For reasons of time and cost an exhaustive measurement of every individual tree in a forest is not feasible and the variables of interest are measured at single point locations. However, information, such as basal area and timber volume, is usually required for the entire forest. This leads to methods of interpolating data and estimating the mean value within the area. Forest stand structure is traditionally mapped as polygons. This approach assumes that forest parameters are homogeneous within each polygon and change abruptly at boundaries. Many natural phenomena, however, change gradually over space. Spatial interpolation techniques like geostatistical methods, can be applied to represent forest stand structure as a continuous surface. While traditional statistics assume independent data, geostatistics take a different approach by quantifying and modeling this spatial dependence. Underlying this approach is the expectation that, on average, samples close together have more similar values than those that are farther apart (spatial autocorrelation). This study compared five geostatistical methods of interpolation (ordinary kriging, universal kriging with first-degree trend surface, universal kriging with second-degree trend surface, cokriging, and disjunctive kriging) with three traditional estimation methods (polygonal mapping, inverse distance weighting, and inverse distance weighting squared). These eight techniques were used to spatially interpolate the number of stems, total basal area, and number of seedlings on 82 sample plots in a 121-hectare first-order forest watershed in the USDA Forest Service, Fraser Experimental Forest, Fraser, Colorado. Secondary variables used for cokriging included elevation, a combined value for slope and aspect, and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from Landsat-TM satellite imagery. The comparison criterion was the mean square error (MSE) calculated by cross validation. For variable number of stems the MSEs ranged from 44.568 to 49.444 with cokriging being the best estimation method and disjunctive kriging giving the poorest results. However, the differences between the various methods were relatively small. The MSEs for variable total basal area ranged from 3.464 to 4.598. The best results were obtained using polygonal mapping, while the poorest results were given by inverse distance weighting squared. Again, the differences between the various methods were relatively small. Variable number of seedlings had the best estimation results applying inverse distance weighting squared (MSE of 69.881). The worst results were obtained using disjunctive kriging (MSE of 118.995). For this variable, the differences in MSEs for the various interpolation methods were much larger than with the other two variables. There was no single "best interpolation method" as the performance of the estimation techniques was different between variables. Overall, however, cokriging performed best, followed by polygonal mapping. By utilizing the spatial cross-correlation between primary and secondary variables the quality of the cokriging estimates was improved as compared to the results of the other kriging methods. Polygonal mapping gave good estimation results for two of the variables under study. Universal kriging with a first- or second-degree trend surface yielded, in general, better results than ordinary kriging. Removing a trend improved the interpolation results for two of the variables in comparison with ordinary kriging. Inverse distance weighting was generally less accurate than the linear kriging methods. Inverse distance weighting techniques outperformed the kriging methods only in the case where the requirements of kriging (approximately normal distribution of the data) were not fulfilled. The disadvantage of inverse distance weighting is that it cannot take the clustering of sample points into account, while kriging methods give less weight to clustered sample points. The nonlinear kriging method (disjunctive kriging) performed least well. This method could only be used if the transformed data were close to being normally distributed. But even in cases where the transformation process was successful, disjunctive kriging results were not better than the other kriging methods. Additional information (in the form of spatially cross-correlated auxiliary variables) seemed to be a more important consideration than whether the estimation method is linear or nonlinear.