Mountain Scholar

Mountain Scholar is an open access repository service that collects, preserves, and provides access to digitized library collections and other scholarly and creative works from Colorado State University and the University Press of Colorado. It also serves as a dark archive for the Open Textbook Library.

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Colorado State University, Fort Collins 29072
Explore the Colorado State University community’s scholarly output as well as items from the University at large and the CSU Libraries.
Open Textbook Library Archive 1866
A limited number of titles are available here. To see all OTL titles, please visit the Open Textbook Library at https://open.umn.edu/opentextbooks. Only Open Textbook Library staff have access to all OTL Archive titles held in Mountain Scholar.
University Press of Colorado 1106
Access is limited to University Press of Colorado members. Non-members: to purchase books, please visit https://upcolorado.com/.

Recent Submissions

Access status: Open Access ,
The effect of partner differences regarding dyadic adjustment and emotion work on couple therapy outcome
(2003) Wallace, Debra, author; Lyness, Kevin, advisor; Seiz, Robert, committee member; Cook, Alicia Skinner, committee member
Differences between partners on various relational aspects and the possible effects on couple therapy outcome have been unexplored. This study utilizes a database and effectiveness research to examine whether differences between the partners' perceptions of dyadic satisfaction and emotion work affects couple therapy outcome. The measures used are the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, Emotion Work Scale, Client Satisfaction Questionnaire and Client Termination Information Form. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the effect of the predictor variables on various aspects of couple therapy outcome. Results indicate that differences between partners' dyadic satisfaction as well as their overall perceptions of dyadic satisfaction and emotion work do predict couple therapy outcome, yet which outcome variables and the direction of the prediction seems to vary by gender. Both systems theory and social role theory are used to explain the results. Limitations and recommendations for future research are addressed.
Access status: Restricted ,
Water psalms
(1995) Ellison, Mary Carol, author; Crow, Mary, advisor; Tremblay, Bill, committee member; Boyer, H. Patsy, committee member
And everything a witness of the buried life. This moment flowing across the sun, this force Of flowers and voices body in body through space. The city of endless cycles of the sun. I speak to you You speak to me --Muriel Rukeyser. The title of my thesis, Water Psalms, embodies both the landscape and the inscape of my poetry. While water serves as the dominant exterior image, and psalms--as repeated mantras--serve as the dominant interior image; the reverse could be said as well. Both water and psalms echo inside and outside the speaker's body and represent the tension between the privately lived life and the publicly lived life. The speaker of these poems struggles to name and invoke a language that will remember, re-claim, and re-define political struggle within the context of her spiritual tradition. The political struggle that she engages in is one to call up the gospel message to witness the oppression of even "the least of these my brethren," as well as to challenge herself and others to live out the gospel call to revolutionary discipleship. The poet is inspired by poet-activists such as Muriel Rukeyser and Adrienne Rich who strive to write out of political and spiritual convictions that call the individual and the society to awake and see and hear the anguished and elated voices of "brothers and sisters" joining in endless song. The book is structured to mirror a Lutheran worship service where liturgy was, in effect, the speaker's first knowledge of the power of language. The worship service is the structure by which the speaker learns to process both internal and external experience. The first section of the book, Invocations, invites the sacred presence and establishes the speaker's need and desire to listen to the silence written in "the scripture of the sky." By means of the language she uses, the speaker seeks to clarify and solidify both the internal and external words that cannot be seen, heard, or spoken. In the poem, "Dust," she follows these unspoken and sacred "words into the dark,/ each one a firefly gasping for breath." Essentially, each word is like the firefly that is alternately light and dark. Each word functions as an illumination point for the speaker to follow. The speaker is first baptized by the sacred power of the language she hears in the poem "Scripture" where she says: "I began to hear/ the scriptures/ like water." Yet, she also struggles to make the language of her baptism her own. For example, in the poem "Alpha," the speaker begins to take her inherited language inside, as if she were in a womb, where she uses "budding fingers" to mold her words. But, this process is not an easy one: she writes, "i stumble there, among the gulls/ take first steps .... " The speaker's life, then, becomes a metaphor for her search for her own language. The second section of the book, Epistles, establishes the speaker's family and friends as a spiritual and political body that is inexorably intertwined and interconnected. While the first section of the book focuses more on liturgy, which is a body of repeated rites; the second section moves toward the epistle, which is a letter written from one member of the community to another as in the New Testament. For this reason, several poems in this section are written as letters to relatives and close friends as the means to, as Muriel Rukeyser writes, "speak to you," and also to invite the addressees to "speak to me." The speaker seeks to employ the language of conversation, which will provide informality and allow her the honesty to address her identity and her sense of being alternately accepted and exiled by her own family and faith communities. In this section's final poem, "Resistance," the speaker relates the way her "writing bears witness," or seeks honesty and truth about her life, with "words shedding their old skin," or a sense of exposure and vulnerability. In exposing her identity, her questions, and her resistances, the speaker finally stands naked before her Creator and before her family and faith communities, thereby discovering a renewed sense of the power of language not only to express, but also to communicate. The third section of the book, Offerings, gives, as sacrifice, the moments in which the speaker stands utterly naked within her struggles and moments of healing in familial and romantic relationships. The sacrifices are petitions for forgiveness in some cases and acceptance in others, but always offerings of thanksgiving for the connections that remain despite the struggles. As in the poem "Bread," the speaker seeks to re-imagine the spiritual and emotional symbols of her life--bread, a ring, butterflies--and as in the poem "Fire," to see these symbols as re-made, as "spirit bursting from shell." By re-imagining and re-making these symbols, the speaker attempts to reconcile the more static definitions given such symbols (and therefore language) with the desire to find a new and more dynamic language that allows for multiple layers of definition. This search for a more dynamic language has everything to do with the speaker's ability or lack of ability to stand utterly naked as a sexual being and to celebrate her body's desires. In the poem "A Door," the speaker tells us that "my body is the door I have come through." In other words, she has crossed the threshold between acting on her bodily desires and not acting on them, between an old way of denying the body (connected with the language and emphasis on laws and purification rituals in the Old Testament) and a new way of celebrating the body ( connected with the language and emphasis on unconditional love in the New Testament). She begins to see the ways in which these lines "blur," like the "lines of your body" in the poem "Fire." This new vision makes it possible for the speaker to find something "we can lean toward" in "Waiting for my Sister." The speaker has begun to learn how to live in the blurred spaces, the chasms in which she finds herself, "rising from the hard skin of our life." The fourth section of the book, Benedictions, imparts a final blessing to the speaker's spiritual and political community established in the second section. This benediction is symbolically embodied in the poem "Promise," which reminds the reader of the eternal covenants between God and God's people. The poem "Origins" celebrates these covenants, these "necklaces of words" that bless and bind people together. This section celebrates, but also challenges the inheritance the speaker has received both from her family and from her spiritual tradition. In the poem "Second Meditation," the speaker circles back to the journey begun in "Meditation." Her journey is inward and outward through and in both water and the sacred word. The speaker says, "Words become cairns within my own body," implying that the body is both the bridge and the chasm where the speaker walks the line between an embodied and disembodied language. The language she employs becomes more assertive and direct. For example, in the poem "Lent," the speaker talks about the way that living a disembodied life causes "subtle resistances (to) build/ within one's body, like knotted muscles/ that must someday be untied." Yet, in this same poem, the speaker is transformed by the power of "words made flesh," by "a new covenant made not of iron/ but of water." Finally, the speaker reaches a place where the private and public life are united when she says in the last line of the book: "the wind nearly bursts through my skin."
Access status: Open Access ,
High intensity compressive stress wave propagation through unsaturated sands
(1989) Pierce, Steven J., author; Charlie, Wayne A., advisor; Siller, Thomas J., committee member; Durnford, Deanna, committee member
High amplitude split-Hopkinson pressure bar laboratory tests were performed on confined specimens of 20-30 Ottawa and Eglin sands. Triaxial confining stresses of zero and 310 kPa were used, and the samples were subjected to a constant incident stress. Samples were compacted dry, then saturated, then desaturated by use of the pressure plate method. For saturation levels increasing from zero to 80 percent, the compressive wave velocity and stress transmission ratio values decreased slightly for both confining stresses. Quasi-static constrained modulus was found to vary in a similar manner. Previous researchers have shown that for specimens compacted moist, the values of wave velocity, stress transmission ratio and quasi-static constrained modulus increase as the saturation level increases from zero to approximately 30 percent, and then decreases with any further increase in saturation. Several specimens were compacted moist in this research and the results show similar trends. The difference in trends is directly related to the moisture content of the sand during compaction.
Access status: Open Access ,
Land leveling and watercourse improvements for Pakistan
(1977) Shafique, Muhammad Siddique, author; Clyma, Wayne, advisor; Johnson, Sam H., III, committee member; Kemper, W. D., committee member; Bowers, Sidney A., committee member
Despite the intensified efforts and the technological advancement in agriculture over the past three decades, Pakistan is still faced with the challenge to produce enough food to feed her people. The problems posed by this challenge are further compounded by the fact that often there are both economic and trained manpower constraints on irrigated agricultural development. An extensive irrigation network was built in Pakistan to provide an increased water supply. While the network brought more areas under cultivation and increased crop production, it later created the twin menace of waterlogging and salinity. At this stage a viable, effective, and economical alternative which should be considered is the improved on-farm water management for efficient use of water. Better on-farm water management provides improved delivery and application efficiencies and minimizes the dangers of waterlogging, salinity, and short water supplies. In this study, the research was conducted on the benefits of land leveling and watercourse improvements. For this purpose the Kanjra watercourse command area, near Lahore, was selected. Necessary surveys were made to collect the required information. About 20 percent of the area was precisely leveled to determine the seasonal impact of land leveling on application efficiencies. The average seasonal application efficiencies were found to range from 81-90 percent on leveled fields to 49-50 percent on unleveled fields. The cost data for precision land leveling was collected from the watercourse command area as well as from the other parts of the country. The average operational cost was Rs. 2.5 per cubic yard. The benefit cost ratios always exceeded unity against three selected rates of return. For better on-farm water management, economical "Katcha" watercourse improvement alternatives were also undertaken. Water measurements were made with cutthroat flumes to determine the differences in delivery efficiency before and after improvement. The average delivery efficiency of a four branch watercourse system at the before and after stages were 70 and 90 percent, respectively. The benefit cost analysis, with alternatives consisting of renovation of branches A and D, essential improvement of branch B, and cleaning of branch C, gave highly acceptable ratios. Had the improvement activity stopped at intermediate stage of branches A and B, the cost per unit of water saved would have been more attractive. The average improvement cost per linear ft for the four branch watercourse was a little more than Rs. 0.50. The role of water user associations for implementation and efficient use of water was discussed. At the end, recommendations were made for a package of land leveling and watercourse improvements for Pakistan.
Access status: Open Access ,
Irrigation scheduling in Pakistan
(1977) Gill, Mushtaq Ahmad, author; Early, Alan C., advisor; Kemper, W. D., committee member; Johnson, Sam H., III, committee member; Bowers, Sidney A., committee member
Water, being the "life blood" of both plants and animals is a limiting factor in the agricultural economy of most of the late developing countries. Pakistan is no exception. Where water is plentiful, it is often wasted. This wastage often results in waterlogging. Where there is a limited supply of water, wastage leads to decreased yields and salinity problems. Efficient use of limited irrigation water supplies in Pakistan has become more important since the demand for irrigation water has increased and new sources of supply are becoming harder to develop. To get the most out of each unit of water one must know how much water to apply, when to apply, where to apply and how to apply water to crops. Present on-farm water management practices are the major constraint on food production in Pakistan. In spite of limited irrigation water supplies, over-irrigation is a common practice in Pakistan due to unleveled fields and lack of knowledge of plants' water requirements. Tremendous delivery losses have been measured by others in badly managed earthen watercourses. Extensive measurements on farmers' fields indicated substantial field irrigation application losses. To determine the proper amount and timing of irrigation, different methods of determining crops peak water use were compared. Water use as estimated from pan evaporation was more closely correlated to actual water use under the conditions of the study than were estimates using the empirical equations. Consequently, estimates of water use based on pan evaporation are recommended for use in this area. The need for an irrigation extension advisory service to provide scientific irrigation scheduling services to Pakistani farmers has been recognized. Accordingly, scientific irrigation schedules were prepared for a maize crop. Recommendations were made regarding reorganizing the existing institutional infrastructure both in public and private sectors to implement on-farm water management in Pakistan with irrigation scheduling as its basic component.