Mountain Scholar

Mountain Scholar is an open access repository service that collects, preserves, and provides access to digitized library collections and other scholarly and creative works from Colorado State University and the University Press of Colorado. It also serves as a dark archive for the Open Textbook Library.

Communities in Mountain Scholar

Select a community to browse its collections.

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3

Colorado State University, Fort Collins 27925
Explore the Colorado State University community’s scholarly output as well as items from the University at large and the CSU Libraries.
Open Textbook Library Archive 25
A limited number of titles are available here. To see all OTL titles, please visit the Open Textbook Library at https://open.umn.edu/opentextbooks. Only Open Textbook Library staff have access to all OTL Archive titles held in Mountain Scholar.
University Press of Colorado 1088
Access is limited to University Press of Colorado members. Non-members: to purchase books, please visit https://upcolorado.com/.

Recent Submissions

Access status: Open Access ,
Synthetic and mechanistic studies of novel dioxiranes
(2000) Frohn, Michael John, author; Shi, Yian, advisor
Epoxides are versatile synthetic intermediates. The epoxidation of olefins via dioxiranes provides a particularly efficient route towards their synthesis, and studies into an asymmetric version have received great interest recently. Our group has been active in this area, and we have found an efficient asymmetric epoxidation method for simple unfunctionalized olefins using a fructose-derived ketone as catalyst and Oxone as oxidant. The asymmetric monoepoxidation of unsymmetrical conjugated dienes has been studied using the fructose-derived ketone. The regio- and enantioselectivities have been found to be very high in most cases. As a result, a variety of synthetically useful vinyl epoxides can be readily produced in optically enriched form. The method is complementary to the selective epoxidation of conjugated dienes catalyzed by chiral (salen)Mn complexes, in which the c/j-olefins are preferentially epoxidized. It is also complementary to the Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation of dienyl alcohols, which gives complete regioselective epoxidation at the epoxide proximal to the alcohol. The kinetic resolution of racemic olefins using this asymmetric epoxidation strategy has also been studied intensively. Very high levels of resolution efficiency have been observed with both 1,6- and 1,3-disubstituted cyclohexenes. Exocyclic cyclohexenes and acyclic olefins are resolved less efficiently. The method can be viewed as a valuable alternative to some of the existing kinetic resolutions since it does not involve transition metals and the experimental procedure is simple. Finally, in conjunction with these asymmetric studies, the efficient racemic epoxidation of olefins using dimethyldioxirane at high pH has also been discovered. Nearly every class of olefins can be efficiently epoxidized using the general procedure that has been developed. In addition, it is highly practical, as epoxidations of 0.1 mol can be undertaken without complications. Further advantages include a simple workup procedure and the use of environmentally benign ingredients.
Access status: Open Access ,
Evaluation of a personal heat stress monitor under dynamic conditions
(2000) Ellwood, Cynthia, author; Blehm, Kenneth D., advisor; Johnson, Janet A., committee member; Gotshall, Robert, committee member; Tucker, Alan, committee member; Herron, Robin, committee member
The Quest Electronics Questemp° II Personal Heat Stress Monitor was evaluated as to the ability of the adjusted-ear temperature measured and recorded by the instrument to equal a synchronous recording of the esophageal temperature and this equality would be maintained throughout all transient conditions. Two female and eight male subjects each performed eighteen tests in a hot environmental chamber. Each test included an exercise and rest phase. The tests were differentiated by exercise and rest temperatures, presence or absence of air movement, metabolic exercise load and clothing. The internal heat load was generated by having each subject exercise on a stationary bicycle. The instrument is intended to be used in conjunction with an effective heat stress management program as an alerting device when the wearer's core temperature has risen to unsafe levels. The study has shown that the monitor has deficiencies in accurately determining the body's core temperature. These deficiencies lie in the monitor's calibration method and the internal algorithm, which manipulates the actual ear canal temperature to an adjusted-ear temperature. Taking into account these deficiencies, the instrument can serve as an adjunct tool in the overall management of employee exposure to heat stress, which includes environmental assessment, medical surveillance, worker education and self-determination.
Access status: Open Access ,
The effects of type and severity of illegal sexual harassment and organizational justice on the reactions of females, human resource professionals, and employment lawyers to harassment situations in the workplace
(2000) Frame, Jennifer Hames, author; Thornton, George C., III, advisor; Cropanzano, Russell, committee member; Hogler, Raymond L., committee member; Bloom, Larry J., committee member
The present study used a legal framework to examine the effects of type (hostile environment vs. quid pro quo) and severity (mild vs. severe) of sexual harassment as well as level of organizational justice during the harassment complaint process on the reactions of females, lawyers, and human resource professionals (HR) to written depictions of sexual harassment in the workplace. Females and HR's knowledge of sexual harassment law was examined and it was found that although HR had more legal knowledge than females, both groups had some key knowledge deficiencies (e.g., knowledge of legal liability guidelines and administrative issues). Females' reactions to harassment varied depending on the type and level of harassment such that females were more likely to say they would pursue and/or win a legal case for quid pro quo and severe scenarios than for hostile environment and mild scenarios. In quid pro quo scenarios (vs. hostile environment), lawyers were more likely to say they would recommend a victim pursue legal action and were more likely to believe the victim would win a court case. All subjects had more negative reactions to harassment when organizational justice (i.e., perceived fairness of company procedures and interpersonal treatment) was lacking in the complaint process. When justice was absent, females were more likely to indicate they would pursue a lawsuit or quit the job instead of filing an internal complaint. Lawyers were more likely to recommend victims pursue internal action (vs. a lawsuit) when justice was present and felt that a plaintiff was more likely to win a court case when justice was absent. HR professionals recognized that adhering to principles of organizational justice could help a company avoid legal liability. Overall, the subject groups tended to agree about potential reactions to harassment, though the magnitude of the predicted responses varied in some cases. Implications of the findings on sexual harassment prevention training and education and on design of complaint systems are discussed in terms of the principles of organizational justice as related to the affirmative defense described in Burlington Industries, Inc. v. Ellerth and Faragher v. City of Boca Raton (1998).
Access status: Open Access ,
The use of estrus synchronization and transcervical artificial insemination for out of season management of Najdi sheep in Saudi Arabia
(2000) AL-Sobayil, Khalid A., author; Johnson, LaRue, advisor; Kimberling, Cleon V., committee member; Mortimer, Robert G., committee member; Graham, James K., committee member
The objective of this research was to evaluate the reproductive performance in both Rams and ewes of Najdi sheep during the time of the year when they exhibit low reproductive performance, April - September. In this study, the use of some reproductive management, such as: 1- Ram breeding soundness examination, 2- Estrus synchronization, 3- Transcervical AI and, 4- Pregnancy diagnosis by Real-time ultrasonic technique, were applied to Najdi sheep. A breeding soundness examination (BSE) involving physical as well as reproductive tract examinations, scrotal circumference (SC), and semen evaluation was done on 82 Najdi rams at the sheep unit that belong to National Agriculture Development Company (NADEC), located approximately six hundred km north-west of Riyadh, the capital city of Saudi Arabia. The farm is about 799 m above the sea level and the average maximum temperature during the hot months is approximately 40 ° C. Seventeen rams were classified as unsatisfactory breeders due to physical (10 rams) and reproductive (7 rams) problems. Semen evaluation showed that the majority of the tested Najdi rams had the ability to produce semen with adequate quality at the commencement of the hot months. The measurement of scrotal circumference showed that rams of this breed had smaller scrotal measurement (X= 31cm), as compared to North American breeds that have in average 34 cm. This could be due to the relatively small size of this breed and because the measurement took place at the time of low breeding performance. Twenty-two of the tested fertile rams were used for subsequent natural and artificial breeding. The use of estrus synchronization and transcervical AI were evaluated on 300 Najdi ewes that were assigned equally into three groups: 1) Group 1: control ; no hormonal treatment and ewes of this group were exposed to 8 BSE tested fertile Najdi rams for 17 days; 2) Group 2: treatment 1; ewes were synchronized with control intravaginal drug releasing devices (CIDRs) that contain 3g progesterone for 12 days and at the time of CIDRs removal, the ewes injected with 600iu PMSG and bred naturally by 10 tested fertile rams that were introduced for seven days; 3) Group 3: treatment 2; ewes were treated the same as treatment 1 one in regard to hormonal treatments, CIDRs and PMSG, but the ewes were transcervically inseminated 48-52 hours after CIDRs removal with 100x106 sperm as fresh extended semen. The results showed that the treated groups had a significant (α < .01) difference in regard to the number of ewes lambed and the number of lambs born per ewe. In addition, ewes in treatment 1 and 2 had shorter lambing period in comparison with the control group 9,10,21 days respectively. The ewes in the first and second treatment that had essentially known breeding dates were examined by real-time ultrasonic technique. An external 5MHz probe was used in this study. The ewes were tested at three different stages of pregnancy, 20, 40, and 60 days post breeding. The results showed a significant (α < 0.01) difference in the accuracy of pregnancy diagnosis in the three different diagnosing dates. The accuracy of pregnancy diagnosis was 66, 90, and 100% at 20,40, and 60 days post breeding. The economic aspect of using estrus synchronization, TCAI and real-time ultrasonography techniques were evaluated. The use of this reproductive technique decreased the cost of rams per ewe as well as the cost of ram per born lamb. This study started on April 22 and end on October 15, 1999.
Access status: Open Access ,
Inhibition of gene expression in mosquitoes mediated by RNA delivered by the double subgenomic Sindbis virus expression systems
(2000) Johnson, Barbara W., author; Higgs, Stephen, advisor; Beaty, Barry, advisor; Olson, Kenneth E., committee member; Brown, Susan E., committee member; Osorio, Jorge F., committee member
The double subgenomic Sindbis (dsSIN) virus expression system was used to deliver RNA transcripts complementary to endogenous mosquito mRNA to inhibit gene expression in vivo. dsSIN has been used to stably express genes in Aedes aegypti salivary glands and to inhibit flavivirus replication by expression of RNA transcripts complementary to the flavivirus genome. The dsSIN viruses TE/3'2J and MRE/3'2J were assessed for their ability to inhibit the expression of endogenous mosquito genes expressed exclusively in the salivary glands. Experiments were conducted to inhibit expression of a reporter gene in a germline transformed Ae. aegypti line (APY-LUC43). These mosquitoes constituitively express luciferase from the mosquito apyrase promoter. APY-LUC43 mosquitoes were intrathoracically inoculated with TE/3'2J/α-luc virus, which transcribed RNA complementary to the 5' end of the luciferase mRNA. Luciferase activity was monitored over time in mosquitoes infected with either TE/3'2J/α-luc or control dsSIN viruses expressing unrelated antisense RNAs. Mosquitoes infected with TE/3'2J/α-luc virus exhibited 90% reduction in luciferase activity compared to uninfected and control dsSIN-infected mosquitoes at 5 and 9 days postinoculation. Apyrase is a salivary gland protein with anti-platelet aggregating properties. TE/3'2J/α-apyrase virus was engineered to contain 375 bases from the 5' coding region of the Ae. aegypti apyrase gene, inserted in antisense orientation. TE/3'2J/α-apyrase was intrathoracically inoculated into female adult mosquitoes, and apyrase activity and protein production was assessed. TE/3'2J/α-apyrase virus effectively infected salivary gland tissue; however, no diminishment of apyrase production was observed. An orally infective dsSIN chimeric virus was engineered that contained the structural genes of MRE16 and the nonstructural genes and second subgenomic promoter of TE/3'2J/α-apyrase. MRE/3'2J/α-apyrase was tested for its ability to infect larvae per os and inhibit expression of apyrase in adults. Infection rates of up to 42% were obtained, but inhibition of apyrase expression was not observed. These studies support the overall hypothesis of this dissertation, that expression of an endogenous mosquito gene can be specifically inhibited by RNA delivered by the SIN virus expression system. The dsSIN antisense RNA expression system provides an important tool for studying gene expression in vivo, and may lead to defining genetic determinants of mosquito vector competence.