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Mountain Scholar

Mountain Scholar is an open access repository service that collects, preserves, and provides access to digitized library collections and other scholarly and creative works from Colorado State University and the University Press of Colorado. It also serves as a dark archive for the Open Textbook Library.

 

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Recent Submissions

ItemOpen Access
Effects of background winds and temperature on bores, strong wind shears and concentric gravity waves in the mesopause region
(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2009) Yue, Jia, author; She, Chiao-Yao, advisor; Reising, Steven C., advisor
Using data from the CSU sodium lidar and Kyoto University OH airglow imager at Fort Collins, CO, this thesis provides a comprehensive, though qualitative, understanding for three different yet related observed fluid-dynamical phenomena in the mesopause region. The first project involves the convection-excited gravity waves observed in the OH airglow layer at 87 km. Case study on May 11, 2004 is discussed in detail along with statistical studies and a ray-tracing modeling. A single convection source matches the center of the concentric gravity waves. The horizontal wavelengths and periods of these gravity waves were measured as functions of both radius and time. The weak mean background wind between the lower and middle atmosphere determines the penetration of the gravity waves into higher altitude. The second project involves mesospheric bores observed by the same OH imager. The observation on October 9, 2007 suggests that when a large-amplitude gravity wave is trapped in a thermal duct, its wave front could steepen and forms bore-like structure in the mesopause. In turn, the large gravity wave and its bore may significantly impact the background. Statistical study reveals the possible link between the jet/front system in the lower atmosphere and the large-scale gravity waves and associated bores in the mesopause region. The third project involves the relationship between large wind shear generation and sustainment and convective/dynamic stabilities measured by the sodium lidar at the altitude of 80-105 km during 2002-2005. The correlation between wind shear, S, and Brunt-Vaisala frequency, N suggests that the maximum sustainable wind shear is determined by the necessary condition for dynamic instability of Richardson number, leading to the result that the maximal wind shear occurs at altitudes of lower thermosphere where the atmosphere is convectively very stable. The dominate source for sustainable large windshears appears to be the semidiurnal tidal-period perturbations with shorter vertical wavelengths and greater amplitude.
ItemOpen Access
Epidemiology and veterinary public policy
(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2008) Zepeda Sein, Cristóbal Andrés, author; Salman, Mo, advisor
Official Veterinary Services are increasingly required to base veterinary public policy decisions on scientific grounds, epidemiology and risk analysis play an important role in shaping these decisions. A formal, in-depth analysis of the multiple interactions between epidemiology, risk analysis and veterinary public policy was conducted to enable decision-makers to direct resources more efficiently and facilitate compliance with international agreements, in particular the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) of the World Trade Organization. The SPS Agreement recognizes the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) as the international organization responsible for developing animal health standards. The OIE's Terrestrial Animal Health Code contains scientifically based recommendations for international trade in animals and animal products. However, to date, these recommendations have not been assessed from a risk-based perspective. The study is divided in two major sections: (1) the role of epidemiology in veterinary public policy and (2) the application of risk-based approaches to the assessment of international animal health standards. The first section addresses the international framework, risk analysis and its use worldwide, and the development of international standards. The second section focuses on quantitative risk assessment approaches for the international movement of animals and products, as well as the application of compartmentalization to aquaculture production systems emphasizing the use of a HACCP approach to biosecurity.
ItemOpen Access
The animal paradox: animals, sovereignty and the politics of eating
(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2008) Young, Katherine E., author; Macdonald, Bradley J., advisor; Chaloupka, William J., advisor
Looking at the history of political thought, it becomes clear that animals are the decisive political exception in Western politics. It is not that animals are simply excluded in the history of political thought, however, but that they are "inclusively excluded," demarcating the constitutive outside of politics. In other words, animals are characterized as unable to differentiate themselves from their world because they are irrational, speechless and/or appetite driven, and for these reasons, they function as markers for the state of nature and the exit point of politics. Expanding the Italian political theorist Giorgio Agamben's work on the state of exception, it appears that the sacrifice of animal bodies-not simply the idea of animality-becomes vital to sustaining key political concepts like sovereignty, democracy and rights. More specifically, there is an underlying politics of eating that nourishes the Western canon. In the simplest terms, the politics of eating is a secular transubstantiation of sovereign power, in which meat is the material good (signifying the good life) that is consumed by political subjects to mitigate the tension between individual and state sovereignty. Of course, this economy of relations is exacerbated under late capitalism. With the advent of the animal rights movement, however, animals are now drawn into this anthropological political space. Yet, because so many animal advocates (scholars and activists alike) embrace traditional understandings of rights, democracy and sovereignty, they inadvertently support juridical forms that undermine their projects. With this in mind, and given the exceptional political state of animals, it is timely to think about new political strategies that take seriously the irony of animals within the larger context of politics as well as restore the public spectacle of meat, in order to reveal and disrupt the sacrificial politics of eating, which includes both humans and animals.
ItemOpen Access
Characterization of integrated optical waveguide devices
(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2008) Yuan, Guangwei, author
At the Optoelectronics Research Lab in ECE at CSU, we explore the issues of design, modeling and measurement of integrated optical waveguide devices of interest, such as optical waveguide biosensors and on-chip optical interconnects. A local evanescent-field array coupled (LEAC) sensor was designed to meet the needs for low-trace biological detection without florescent chemical agent aids. The measurement of LEACs sensor requires the aid of either a commercial near-field scanning optical microscope (NSOM) or new proposed buried detector arrays. LEAC sensors were first used to detect pseudo-adlayers on the waveguide top surface. These adlayers include SiNx and photoresist. The field modulation that was obtained based on NSOM measurement was approximately 80% for a 17 nm SiNx adlayer that was patterned on the waveguide using plasma reactive ion etching. Later, single and multiple regions of immunoassay complex adlayers were analyzed using NSOM. The most recent results demonstrated the capability of using this sensor to differentiate immunoassay complex regions with different surface coverage ratio. The study on buried detectors revealed a higher sensitivity of the sensor to a thin organic film on the waveguide. By detecting the optical intensity decay rate, the sensor was able to detect several nanometer thick film with 1.7 dB/mm/nm sensitivity. In bulk material analysis, this sensor demonstrated more than 15 dB/mm absorption coefficient difference between organic oil and air upper claddings. In on-chip optical interconnect research, optical waveguide test structures and leaky-mode waveguide coupled photodetectors were designed, modeled and measured. A 16-node H-tree waveguide was used to deliver light into photodetectors and characterized. Photodetectors at each end node of the H-tree were measured using near-field scanning microscopy. The 0.5 micrometer wide photodetector demonstrated up to 80% absorption ratio over just a 10 micrometer length. This absorption efficiency is the highest among reported leaky-mode waveguide coupled photodetectors. The responsivity and quantum efficiency of this photodetector are 0.35 A/W and 65%, respectively.
ItemOpen Access
Characterizing the fluorescence intermittency of individual cadmium selenide/zinc sulfide quantum dot clusters with spatially correlated single molecule fluorescence spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy
(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2008) Yu, Ming, author; Van Orden, Alan K., advisor
In this thesis, I describe work done to study the optical behaviors of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots, especially the fluorescence blinking behavior of small quantum dot clusters. QDs have unique optical properties that impart several key advantages over molecular dyes. However, when examined at the single-molecule level, QDs emission exhibit novel fluorescence intermittency, or "blinking," behavior. This blinking is believed to be caused by trapping and de-trapping of the photoexcited carriers, causing the QDs to fluctuate between emissive and non-emissive states. A spatially correlated single molecule fluorescence spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) apparatus was used to carry out these studies. Single molecule spectroscopy examines the blinking behavior of individual, isolated QDs and QD clusters, while the AFM images the nanometer scale topography of the particles. When multiple isolated QDs were probed simultaneously, the fluorescence behavior was consistent with independent blinking of the individual QDs. However, when close-packed QD clusters were probed, the fluorescence intermittency became much more rapid and intense than could be explained by the summation of multiple particles blinking independently. This suggests when the small QDs aggregate together, they become electronically coupled in some way that enhances the fluorescence blinking. Subsequently, we studied variations of the emission wavelengths of isolated small QD clusters possessing the enhanced blinking behavior. The emission wavelength of the coupled enhanced blinking is red shifted relative to that of normal blinking. We propose that red-shifting in emission is one of the characteristics of electronic coupling in the QD clusters and resulted from the quantum confinement Stark effect. In the following chapters, environment and substrate dependence were also studied. Compared with ambient air, dry nitrogen decreases the population, intensity and/or durations of "on" times. Both CTAB- and Mg 2+-mica substrates quench the fluorescence of single QDs and QD clusters, which is due to the dissociation of electron hole pairs of excited QDs by the electron attractive sites in CTAB molecules and Mg2+ ions.