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Characterization of urban water use and performance evaluation of conservation practices using the Integrated Urban Water Model in São Paulo, Brazil

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dc.contributor.authorBatista, Giovana das Gracas, author
dc.contributor.authorArabi, Mazdak, advisor
dc.contributor.authorSharvelle, Sybil, advisor
dc.contributor.authorDozier, Andre, committee member
dc.contributor.authorGoemans, Christopher, committee member
dc.date.accessioned2019-01-07T17:19:34Z
dc.date.available2019-01-07T17:19:34Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.description.abstractIncreasing urban population around the globe has intensified the need for water, food and energy. The residential sector is responsible for the highest water use in urban settings. Understanding the factors affecting water use helps to improve management strategies, incentivize conservation practices, develop public educational events, feed demand forecasting models and support policy creation. Modelling urban water demand in the long-term is a complex process because of incorporation of multiple dynamic components in the urban-environment system. The Integrated Urban Water Model – IUWM – offers capabilities of long-term modelling by using a mass-balance approach for urban water demand predictions and potential demand reductions assessment. A combination of climate anomalies, water resources management practices over the years and watershed conservation contributed to the water shortage in Southeastern Brazil in 2014-2015. In the city of São Paulo, the shortage was worsened by drops in reservoir levels, rise in water use patterns and in number of inhabitants, and the historical tendency to neglect local water sources. Residential water demand, which accounts for 84% of the total water use, faced compulsory reductions through behavioral changes and reuse of graywater and roof runoff harvesting. The goals of this study are to apply IUWM to the city of São Paulo to quantify savings produced by graywater and roof runoff use and to evaluate the potential of conservation practices for demand reduction. The first part of the study focuses on exploring differences in water demand patterns under shortage conditions using a water use time-series from 2013-2017. In this part, IWUM is trained to estimate indoor and outdoor demand through calibration procedures. Determinants of water demand are also investigated through a multiple linear regression, which identified household size and socioeconomic variables as having a significant effect in water use. The second portion focuses on applying IUWM to evaluate reductions during the shortage and performance of graywater, stormwater, roof runoff harvesting and effluent reuse for potable and non-potable purposes. Climate change was added to assess shifts in performances of conservation practices due to future reductions in precipitation. Lastly, a comparison of maximum potential and benefits of fit-for-purpose technology adoption is done using a cost-benefit matrix. The matrix was adapted for required treatment representing cost and percentage reductions in water demand as benefit. The results of this work support decision-making with respect to conservation practices adoption by enhancing the list of options to manage water demand, especially during shortage conditions. Ultimately, these results can encourage development of water reuse policies in Brazil.
dc.format.mediumborn digital
dc.format.mediummasters theses
dc.identifierBatista_colostate_0053N_15212.pdf
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10217/193176
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherColorado State University. Libraries
dc.relation.ispartof2000-2019
dc.rightsCopyright and other restrictions may apply. User is responsible for compliance with all applicable laws. For information about copyright law, please see https://libguides.colostate.edu/copyright.
dc.subjectSão Paulo
dc.subjectwater demand
dc.subjectresidential water use
dc.subjectwater shortage
dc.subjecturban water model
dc.titleCharacterization of urban water use and performance evaluation of conservation practices using the Integrated Urban Water Model in São Paulo, Brazil
dc.typeText
dcterms.rights.dplaThis Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights (https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/). You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).
thesis.degree.disciplineCivil and Environmental Engineering
thesis.degree.grantorColorado State University
thesis.degree.levelMasters
thesis.degree.nameMaster of Science (M.S.)

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