A comprehensive analysis of rice bran as a functional food for global health

Abstract

Global nutrition security and public health improvement rely on diverse diets, with whole grains playing a key role in meeting these challenges. Rice, a staple grain for over half the world's population, is typically consumed in its refined form, which involves removing the bran layer. This bran layer, however, is a rich source of fiber, essential fatty acids, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals, which are key components that contribute to the health benefits of whole grains. The nutrient properties of rice bran and its demonstrated ability to protect against gastrointestinal diseases make it a promising addition to public health initiatives. To fully harness these benefits, a comprehensive analysis of rice bran's health potential and strategies for incorporation into global nutrition is necessary. The purpose of this dissertation was to explore the role of rice bran in enhancing gut health, particularly in colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention and malnutrition treatment, as well as provide considerations for food safety and an assessment of community preparedness for public health interventions. Here, the metabolism of rice bran by the gut microbiota and subsequent generation of metabolites related to CRC protection in a murine model and CRC survivors is evaluated. Additionally, methods to reduce arsenic levels in rice bran are explored, and an assessment is presented of community readiness for dietary interventions, which are challenges to overcome in preparing rice bran for public health. The use of rice bran to enhance nutrient density in malnutrition treatment foods is also explored, with a detailed protocol of the Solutions to Enhance Health using Alternative Treatments (SEHAT) clinical trial. Anthropometric outcomes from the SEHAT study are then analyzed to assess the impact of rice bran on childhood growth and malnutrition recovery. The diverse health benefits of rice bran, from cancer prevention to malnutrition treatment, are demonstrated here. In providing evidence for its safety, efficacy, and potential for global use, the research underscores the viability of rice bran as a functional food in clinical and public health guidelines. These studies contribute to the broader efforts of leveraging rice bran for improved global nutrition and community health.