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Measuring and managing pain and stress associated with castration in cull beef bulls

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dc.contributor.authorRepenning, Paul English, author
dc.contributor.authorAhola, Jason, advisor
dc.contributor.authorCallan, Robert, committee member
dc.contributor.authorWhittier, Jack, committee member
dc.contributor.authorEngle, Terry, committee member
dc.contributor.authorFox, J. Trent, committee member
dc.date.accessioned2007-01-03T08:11:11Z
dc.date.available2007-01-03T08:11:11Z
dc.date.issued2012
dc.description.abstractThe objectives of this research were to evaluate the effects of: 1) castration, 2) castration method (band vs. surgical) and 3) use of analgesia on measures of behavior, feedlot performance, and physiological responses in cull bulls. In the first study, Angus, Hereford, and Angus crossbred bulls (n = 20; initial BW = 384 ± 59.3 kg; 336 ± 20.1 d old) were housed in feedlot pens equipped with the ability to measure individual daily feed intake. A balanced randomized block design using a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was utilized. Factors included: 1) castration method (band vs. surgical), and 2) analgesia presence. A multimodal analgesia protocol (MMA) was used and consisted of subcutaneous ketamine-stun containing butorphanol (0.01 mg/kg), xylazine (0.02 mg/kg), ketamine (0.04 mg/kg), and a local 2% lidocaine hydrochloride anesthetic block of the spermatic cords (10 mL per cord) and scrotum (10 mL) on d 0. Flunixin meglumine (1.2 mg/kg) was also administered intravenously (iv) on d 0, 1, 2 and 3 to MMA cattle. Cattle were stratified to treatments based on breed, BW, age and a temperament score. Treatments included: 1) band castration without analgesia (BAND), 2) band castration with analgesia (BAND-MMA), 3) surgical castration without analgesia (SURG), and 4) surgical castration with analgesia (SURG-MMA). All castrations were performed on d 0. Chute exit velocity (EV) and time in chute (TIC) were collected on d -9, 0, 1, 2 and 13. Willingness-to-enter-chute (WTE) score, rectal temperature (TEMP), heart rate (HR), and respiration (RESP) were collected on d 0, 1, 2, 3 and 13. Cattle were weighed on d -9 and 13 while feeding behaviors were collected continuously for 57 d pre-castration and 28 d post-castration. There was a tendency (P < 0.09) for ADG to be greater in cattle receiving analgesia. Both SURG treatments exhibited greater TEMP on d 1 (P < 0.001) and 2 (P < 0.05) compared to both BAND treatments. Mean DMI post-castration was greater (P = 0.02) in MMA treatments compared with non-medicated treatments. Meal duration was greater (P < 0.05) in both BAND treatments than in surgical castrates in wk 1 post-castration. Results suggest that pain mitigation reduces the impact of castration on ADG and DMI. The second study was comprised of 2 experiments. In Exp. 1 Angus and Charolais-crossbred bull calves (n = 127; 309.8 ± 59.04 kg) and in Exp. 2 Hereford, Angus, and Hereford × Angus crossbred bulls (n = 30, 300.8 ± 4.96 kg), were stratified by BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: 1) band castration (BAND), 2) band castration with oral administration of meloxicam (BAND-MEL), and 3) sham castration (SHAM). The BAND and SHAM procedures were completed on d 0. The SHAM treatment consisted of all animal manipulations associated with band castration without band application. Meloxicam was administered on d -1, 0, and 1 (1.0 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg, respectively) via an oral bolus. Body weight and a subjective chute score (CS) were collected on d -1, 0, 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 (Exp. 1 only). In Exp. 1, jugular blood samples were collected immediately before castration and 24 hr post-castration for Substance P (SP) analysis. In both experiments, video documentation on d 0 was used to determine range of vertical head motion (DIST) on a subset of animals during treatment administration. In both experiments, ADG was similar (P > 0.10) between BAND and BAND-MEL, but ADG in SHAM cattle was greater (P < 0.001) and tended (P = 0.07) to be greater in castrates in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. In Exp. 1, CS did not differ (P > 0.10) between BAND and BAND-MEL on any d, but castrates exhibited greater CS on d 1 and 28 than SHAM cattle. In Exp. 2, CS was not affected (P > 0.10) by castration or the presence of meloxicam. In Exp. 1, DIST did not differ (P > 0.10) between BAND and BAND-MEL, but when pooled, castrates exhibited greater (P = 0.04) DIST than SHAM. In Exp. 1, plasma SP concentrations did not differ (P > 0.10) across treatments. Results indicate no impact of meloxicam administration on performance or behavioral and physiological responses to band castration. However, there was an impact of castration on ADG and CS.
dc.format.mediumborn digital
dc.format.mediummasters theses
dc.identifierRepenning_colostate_0053N_11312.pdf
dc.identifierETDF2012500243ANIS
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10217/68146
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherColorado State University. Libraries
dc.relation.ispartof2000-2019
dc.rightsCopyright and other restrictions may apply. User is responsible for compliance with all applicable laws. For information about copyright law, please see https://libguides.colostate.edu/copyright.
dc.subjectbehavior
dc.subjectwelfare
dc.subjectpain mitigation
dc.subjectcastration
dc.subjectmeloxicam
dc.subjectbeef bulls
dc.titleMeasuring and managing pain and stress associated with castration in cull beef bulls
dc.typeText
dcterms.rights.dplaThis Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights (https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/). You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).
thesis.degree.disciplineAnimal Sciences
thesis.degree.grantorColorado State University
thesis.degree.levelMasters
thesis.degree.nameMaster of Science (M.S.)

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