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The enantioseletive rhodium catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition of alkenyl isocyanates with diaryl acetylenes and 1,2-disubstituted alkenyl isocyanates

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dc.contributor.authorOinen, Mark Emil, author
dc.contributor.authorRovis, Tomislav, 1968-, advisor
dc.contributor.authorKipper, Matthew J., committee member
dc.contributor.authorWilliams, Robert Michael, committee member
dc.contributor.authorFisher, Ellen R., committee member
dc.date.accessioned2007-01-03T04:31:03Z
dc.date.available2007-01-03T04:31:03Z
dc.date.issued2010
dc.description.abstractElaborating upon the recent discovery of a [2+2+2] rhodium-catalyzed cycloaddition of alkenyl isocyanates with various alkynes, the scope of this rhodiumcatalyzed cycloaddition with diaryl acetylenes was explored. The reaction with pentenyl isocyanate and diaryl acetylenes utilizing [Rh(C2H4)Cl]2 and 3,3'-substituted BINOL phosphoramidites as a catalyst predominantly affords vinylogous amide type products. Investigation into product selectivity reveals that both electronic and steric factors of the ligand have an influence on the product selectivity. Information gleaned from these studies allowed for a change in product selectivity for formation of lactam products with diaryl acetylenes. Selectivity for lactam product is at best 1:1.5 with BINOL phosphites. Vinylogous amide products are formed selectively (>20:1) in the cycloaddition using a variety of BINOL based phosphoramidites. Using 3,3' substituted BINOL based phosphoramidites promising enantioselectivies are obtained in the cycloaddition of diaryl acetylenes and pentenyl isocyanate. In the course of this investigation an interesting effect of substrate on the enantioselectivity was noticed. The ee of the reaction is highly dependent upon the nature of the diaryl acetylene. It was revealed that substrate affects the enantioselectivity by playing the role of spectator ligand in the reaction. Elucidation of the mechanism of the role of this spectator ligand was done by characterization of intermediates, kinetic analysis of the reaction rate and competition experiments between substrates. This effect of spectator ligands was exploited in a synthetically viable way to yield products with high and consistent enantioselectivities. By employing methyl nicotinate, a non-participating spectator ligand, as a stoichiometric additive synthetically useful enantioselectivities can be achieved. Finally, limitations existed within the scope of both alkynes and alkenyl isocyanates on the scope of the rhodium catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition. Acetylene dicarboxylates, and 1,2-disubstituted alkenyl isocyanates were reaction partners that failed to provide cycloadducts under current reaction conditions. In both cases, the resultant cycloadduct would be interesting as they could provide additional synthetic handles for further manipulation of cycloadducts. Identification of undesired byproducts in these reactions allowed for the development of reaction conditions to reduce their formation of these by-products. The reduction in the formation of benzenoids formed from alkyne trimerization allowed for the production of mixtures of lactam and vinylogous amide products using acetylene dicarboxylates. With 1,2-disubstituted alkenyl isocyanates the implementation of reaction conditions which lead to the suppression of 2- pyridone lead to successful formation of the lactam products.
dc.format.mediummasters theses
dc.identifier2010_spring_Oinen_CHEM.pdf
dc.identifierETDF2010100001CHEM
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10217/37437
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherColorado State University. Libraries
dc.relationCatalog record number (MMS ID): 991011876019703361
dc.relationQD421.Y8 2009
dc.relation.ispartof2000-2019
dc.rightsCopyright and other restrictions may apply. User is responsible for compliance with all applicable laws. For information about copyright law, please see https://libguides.colostate.edu/copyright.
dc.subjectBINOL phosphoramidites
dc.subjectalkenyl isocyanates
dc.subjectdiaryl acetylenes
dc.subjectlactam products
dc.subjectcycloadducts
dc.subjectenantioselectivies
dc.subject[2+2+2] rhodium-catalyzed cycloaddition
dc.subjectRing formation (Chemistry)
dc.subjectIsocyanates
dc.subjectRhodium catalysts
dc.subjectLactams
dc.titleThe enantioseletive rhodium catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition of alkenyl isocyanates with diaryl acetylenes and 1,2-disubstituted alkenyl isocyanates
dc.typeText
dcterms.rights.dplaThis Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights (https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/). You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).
thesis.degree.disciplineChemistry
thesis.degree.grantorColorado State University
thesis.degree.levelMasters
thesis.degree.nameMaster of Science (M.S.)

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