Disvalues in nature

Abstract

Judgments from fact to disvalue are often made about nature. If natural things just are, absent value, such judgments commit a negative naturalistic fallacy. By parity of reasoning, those who find objective disvalue must also consider objective value. Numerous candidate disvalues are examined: predation, parasitism, selfishness, randomness, blindness, disaster, indifference, waste, struggle, suffering, death. Such disvalues are embedded in a larger systemic value and joined with values equally present, opposites in conflict and resolution.