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Discovery and characterization of the SLAC complex and its role in actin polymerization during clathrin-mediated endocytosis

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dc.contributor.authorFeliciano, Daniel, author
dc.contributor.authorDi Pietro, Santiago, advisor
dc.contributor.authorBamburg, James, committee member
dc.contributor.authorCurthoys, Norman, committee member
dc.contributor.authorChen, Chaoping, committee member
dc.contributor.authorReist, Noreen, committee member
dc.date.accessioned2007-01-03T05:54:10Z
dc.date.available2014-09-30T05:54:08Z
dc.date.issued2013
dc.description.abstractEndocytosis is the process by which cells control the lipid and transmembrane protein compositions in order to comply with certain requirements essential for cellular function. The different forms of endocytosis provide the cell with a discriminatory system where specific cargoes are selected, packed and internalized when there is a particular physiological demand. Given the importance of endocytic internalization routes for a variety of cellular processes, it is not surprising that defects in the protein machinery involved in these pathways leads to pathologies. Examples of some metabolic disorders associated to defects in adaptor or receptor function include autosomal recessive and familial hypercholesterolemia. In other cases, mutations in actin regulatory proteins, such as WASp, can cause many blood disorders that include primary immunodeficiency and thrombocytopenia. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is a fundamental pathway conserved from yeast to humans that proceeds by forming a clathrin coat at the plasma membrane followed by the recruitment of proteins that promote membrane curvature, actin polymerization, and scission. CME is the mayor route for nutrient uptake, distribution of membrane components, and receptor internalization. During CME, branched actin polymerization nucleated by the Arp2/3 complex provides force needed to drive vesicle internalization. Las17 (WASp) is the strongest activator of the Arp2/3 complex in yeast cells, it is not autoinhibited, and arrives to endocytic sites 20 seconds before actin polymerization begins. One of the most outstanding questions in the field has been how Las17 is inhibited during the initial 20 seconds after its arrival to sites of endocytosis. In this dissertation, the discovery and characterization of a stable complex between Las17 and the clathrin adaptor Sla1 is described, in which Las17 is inhibited. This interaction is direct, multivalent, and strong, and was mapped to novel Las17 polyproline motifs that are simultaneously class I (RxxPxxP) and class II (PxxPxR). In vitro pyrene-actin polymerization assays established that Sla1 inhibition of Las17 activity depends on a new class I/II Las17 polyproline motifs. The inhibition is based on competition between Sla1 and monomeric actin for binding to sequences comprising a novel G-actin binding site in Las17 that is also characterized. The Las17 novel G-actin binding module 1 (LGM1) requires two sets of arginine-rich sites for normal Las17 function in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, live cell imaging showed the interaction with Sla1 is important for normal Las17 recruitment to endocytic sites, its inhibition during the initial 20 seconds, and for efficient endocytosis. Within this complex, Las17 requires full length Bzz1, a membrane tubulation protein, for its activation in vitro through a mechanism that does not depend on complex dissociation. Since Sla1 and Las17 regulate actin polymerization during clathrin-mediated endocytosis, this complex has been named SLAC. The discovery and characterization of the SLAC complex help to define the negative and positive mechanisms regulating Las17 activity and answer one of the most outstanding questions in the field. This work also sets the stage to decipher the roles of other WASp homologues in mammalian cells. Overall, findings reported here advance our understanding of the regulation of actin polymerization by Las17 during clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
dc.format.mediumborn digital
dc.format.mediumdoctoral dissertations
dc.identifierFeliciano_colostate_0053A_11925.pdf
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10217/80193
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherColorado State University. Libraries
dc.relation.ispartof2000-2019
dc.rightsCopyright and other restrictions may apply. User is responsible for compliance with all applicable laws. For information about copyright law, please see https://libguides.colostate.edu/copyright.
dc.subjectcctin
dc.subjectWASp
dc.subjectLas17
dc.subjectendocytosis
dc.subjectclathrin
dc.titleDiscovery and characterization of the SLAC complex and its role in actin polymerization during clathrin-mediated endocytosis
dc.typeText
dcterms.embargo.expires2014-09-30
dcterms.embargo.terms2014-09-30
dcterms.rights.dplaThis Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights (https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/). You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).
thesis.degree.disciplineBiochemistry and Molecular Biology
thesis.degree.grantorColorado State University
thesis.degree.levelDoctoral
thesis.degree.nameDoctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)

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