Assessing outcomes in stratospheric aerosol injection scenarios shortly after deployment
Date
2022
Authors
Hueholt, Daniel M., author
Hurrell, James W., advisor
Barnes, Elizabeth A., advisor
Conant, Richard T., committee member
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Abstract
Current global actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions are very likely to be insufficient to meet climate targets outlined under the Paris Agreement. This motivates performing research on possible methods for intervening in the Earth system to minimize climate risk while decarbonization efforts continue. One such hypothetical climate intervention is stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI), where reflective particles would be emitted into the stratosphere to cool the planet by reducing solar insolation. The climate response to SAI is not well understood, particularly on short-term time horizons frequently used by decision makers and planning practitioners to assess climate information. This knowledge gap limits informed discussion of SAI outside the scientific community. We demonstrate two framings to explore the climate response in the decade after SAI deployment in modeling experiments with parallel SAI and no-SAI simulations. The first framing, which we call a snapshot around deployment, displays change over time within the SAI scenarios and corresponds to the question "What happens before and after SAI is deployed in the model?" The second framing, the intervention impact, displays the difference between the SAI and no-SAI simulations, corresponding to the question "What is the impact of a given intervention relative to climate change with no intervention?" We apply these framings to annual mean 2-meter temperature, precipitation, and a precipitation extreme in the first two experiments to use ensembles of Earth system models that comprehensively represent both the SAI injection process and climate response, and connect these results to implications for other climate variables. The parallel SAI and no-SAI simulations in these experiments allow us to explore the climate response in the context of the response to SAI, the underlying greenhouse gas forcing scenario, and the noise from internal climate variability.
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Subject
climate change
climate intervention
stratospheric aerosol injection
climate impacts
climate
geoengineering