Modernization and cultural identity: the case of Ri-Bhoi women handloom weavers
Date
2019
Authors
Dias, Rebecca Maria, author
Diddi, Sonali, advisor
Ogle, Jennifer P., committee member
Knowles, Katie, committee member
Snodgrass, Jeffrey, committee member
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Abstract
The handloom industry is a vital part of the rural and semi-rural population of North East Region of India (NERI) providing these populations with a source of employment. Hand woven textiles are deeply associated with the culture of NERI weavers who practice the art of cloth making. In recent years, the traditional handloom industry has seen tremendous growth and change through initiatives intended to modernize the industry. This evolution of the handloom industry due to modernization has impacted the people involved and their relationship to weaving. The purpose of this study was to understand how modernization has changed or evolved the traditional handloom industry of Ri-Bhoi, a district in NERI, and how women weavers in the Ri-Bhoi develop a sense of identity through weaving. The foundation of this research is based on cultural identity and modernization theories that suggest the conversion of traditional values to modern values, or the persistence of traditional values (Inglehart & Baker, 2000). A qualitative ethnographic approach was used, and data were collected from four villages in Ri-Bhoi district, Meghalaya, a north eastern state in India, using participant observation, interview, and field notes and journaling. The data were analyzed using open coding to develop a coding guide and to identify overarching themes. Findings from the analysis showed a change in the traditional handloom industry mainly in terms of loom technology and yarn type. Analysis revealed a grounded theory model that presents five significant themes: (a) exchange of knowledge; (b) social support; (c) role of weaving in everyday life; (d) symbolizing tribe and culture; and (e) joy, pride and happiness that contributed towards developing a cultural identity for women weavers. The data also revealed that women weavers adapted their traditional ideals related to weaving to preserve and sustain their handloom industry and textiles to meet with social, economic, and political changes due to modernization. Understanding weavers' perception of change is vital in preserving cultural heritage. Implications of the study and future directions are discussed.
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Subject
handloom
modernization
weaver
India
culture identity
textile