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Thermally enhanced bioremediation of LNAPL

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dc.contributor.authorZeman, Natalie Rae, author
dc.contributor.authorDe Long, Susan K., advisor
dc.contributor.authorSale, Thomas, advisor
dc.contributor.authorStromberger, Mary, committee member
dc.date.accessioned2007-01-03T05:34:10Z
dc.date.available2007-01-03T05:34:10Z
dc.date.issued2013
dc.description.abstractInadvertent releases of petroleum liquids into the environment have led to widespread soil and groundwater contamination. Petroleum liquids, referred to as Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid (LNAPL), pose a threat to the environment and human health. The purpose of the research described herein was to evaluate thermally enhanced bioremediation as a sustainable remediation technology for rapid cleanup of LNAPL zones. Thermally enhanced LNAPL attenuation was investigated via a thermal microcosm study that considered six different temperatures: 4¡ÆC, 9¡ÆC, 22¡ÆC, 30¡ÆC, 35¡ÆC, and 40¡ÆC. Microcosms were run for a period of 188 days using soil, water and LNAPL from a decommissioned refinery in Evansville, WY. The soil microcosms simulated anaerobic subsurface conditions where sulfate reduction and methanogenesis were the pathways for biodegradation. To determine the optimal temperature range for thermal stimulation and provide guidance for design of field-scale application, both contaminant degradation and soil microbiology were monitored. CH4 and CO2 generation occurred in microcosms at 22¡ÆC, 30¡ÆC, 35¡ÆC and 40¡ÆC but was not observed at 4¡ÆC and 9¡ÆC. The total volume of biogas generated after 188 days of incubation was 19 times higher in microcosms at 22¡ÆC and 30¡ÆC compared to the microcosms at 35¡ÆC. When compared to microcosms at 40¡ÆC, the total biogas generated was 3 times higher at both 22¡ÆC and 30¡ÆC. The onset of CH4 and CO2 production occurred first within the microcosms held at 30¡ÆC beginning after 28 days of incubation, and second within microcosms at 22¡ÆC beginning after 58 days of incubation. A delay in CH4 and CO2 production was observed within microcosms held at 35¡ÆC and 40¡ÆC (beginning after 173 and 138 days after incubation) contributing to lower cumulative biogas generation at these temperatures relative to 22¨¬C and 30¨¬C. Microcosms incubated at 4¨¬C, 22¡ÆC, 30¨¬C, 35 ¨¬C and 40 ¨¬C showed statistically significant biological removal of gasoline range organics (GRO) at the ¥á=0.05 level over the course of the 188-day incubation period. Biotic removal of GRO was significantly higher at 22¨¬C and 30¨¬C when compared to 4¨¬C and 9¨¬C. The observed removals at 22 ¨¬C, 30 ¨¬C, 35 ¨¬C and 40¨¬C were not statistically different from each other. The biological removal of DRO compounds was found to be statistically significant at 22¨¬C, 30 ¨¬C, 35 ¨¬C and 40 ¨¬C and was significantly higher at 22¨¬C when compared to 4¨¬C and 9¨¬C. The percent biological removal of DRO compounds at these temperatures was not statistically different from each other and ranged from 18-22%. Statistically significant biological degradation of all the BTEX compounds only occurred in microcosms at 22¡ÆC and 30¡ÆC. Benzene, toluene, and xylene biodegradation was observed to be statistically significant in microcosms at 35¡ÆC. Phylogenetic analysis of the microbial communities present at 22¡ÆC via a 16S rRNA gene archaeal clone library and pyrosequencing revealed the presence of both hydrogenotrophic and acetoclastic methanogens. Pyrosequencing data from microcosms at 4¡ÆC, 22¡ÆC and 35¡ÆC revealed that temperature impacted both archaeal and bacterial community structure. A potential requirement for changes in microbial community structure at the higher temperatures (35¡ÆC and 40¡ÆC) could explain the observed delay in biogas production. The results of the thermal microcosm study led to the development of a pilot study to investigate the efficacy of Sustainable Thermally Enhanced LNAPL Attenuation STELA at the site in Evansville, WY. The thermal pilot study approach and preliminary data is included in this thesis. The outcome and results of the pilot study will be presented in the masters theses of other students.
dc.format.mediumborn digital
dc.format.mediummasters theses
dc.identifierZeman_colostate_0053N_11536.pdf
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10217/79208
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherColorado State University. Libraries
dc.relation.ispartof2000-2019
dc.rightsCopyright and other restrictions may apply. User is responsible for compliance with all applicable laws. For information about copyright law, please see https://libguides.colostate.edu/copyright.
dc.subjectthermal
dc.subjectbioremediation
dc.subjectanaerobic
dc.subjectLNAPL
dc.titleThermally enhanced bioremediation of LNAPL
dc.typeText
dcterms.rights.dplaThis Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights (https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/). You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).
thesis.degree.disciplineCivil and Environmental Engineering
thesis.degree.grantorColorado State University
thesis.degree.levelMasters
thesis.degree.nameMaster of Science (M.S.)

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