High-efficiency and high-power vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser designed for cryogenic applications

Abstract

We report the first vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) that has been optimized for cryogenic applications near 77 K, with superior characteristics that include a high output power (Pout = 22 mW at I = 25 mA), high power conversion efficiency (ηd = 32%), low threshold voltage (Vth = 1.75 V) and current (Ith = 1.7 mA), and low power dissipation (9 mW at Pout = 2.0 mW) for a 20-μm-diameter device.