Conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater with different salinities in the Indus Basin of Pakistan
Date
1974-06
Authors
Wu, Fang-Hong, author
Longenbaugh, Robert A., advisor
Kemper, W. Doral, committee member
Albertson, Maurice L., committee member
Labadie, John, committee member
Richardson, Everett V., committee member
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Abstract
A mathematical model for optimal conjunctive use of sur face water and groundwater is developed to determine canal and tubewell installed capacities in three different groundwater salinity zones. The objective is to minimize the total capital investment, and the operational and maintenance costs, for the system to satisfy a given irrigation water requirement. The Lower Jhelum canal command, one of many similar hydrologic areas in the Indus Basin, is selected as the area for testing the mathematical model. The system is decomposed into a two-level approach for easier problem solving by separating the design variables and the operational variables. In the design level, the flexible tolerance algorithm is used to search iteratively for the optimal design alternative. Each time a design alternative is chosen, the design variables are considered as fixed parameters and a sequential decision process is used to determine the optimal operational decisions within a time interval. During each subperiod, direct river diversion will be the most feasible solution whenever the available river flow can satisfy the wat er requirement without causing water logging in the three areas and lateral salt water movement to the relatively fresh water area. Otherwise linear programming is adopted to allocate the available river flow and usable groundwater subject to constraints of water availability, canal capacity, water logging, salt water coning, lateral salt water movement and the water requirement. The study shows that through conjunctive use of groundwater and surface water, an irrigation system can be designed as an “on demand" system providing sufficient water to meet a cropping intensity of at least 150 percent without waterlogging and salt water contamination. An optimal conjunctive use policy would transfer available surface water to the more saline groundwater areas, and the existing canal capacity would have to be expanded. Generally groundwater in each of the three different areas would be pumped for their own use except the amount which must be exported for salt balance and control of the water table. The mathematical model is applicable to other canal commanded areas in the Indus Basin, Pakistan and other areas with similar groundwater salinity problems.
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Subject
Water-supply engineering -- Indus River Watershed
Water-supply engineering -- Pakistan
Water resources development -- Indus River Watershed
Water resources development -- Pakistan