Browsing by Author "Payne, Sarah, committee member"
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Item Open Access At the water's edge: an archaeological investigation of playa occupation in the Central Plains(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2021) Matsuda, Marie, author; LaBelle, Jason M., advisor; Henry, Edward, committee member; Payne, Sarah, committee memberPlaya research on the American Great Plains has considerable potential to shed light on ancient hunter-gatherer lifeways and subsistence. These lacustrine environments provide a predictable water source and are ecological hubs for many species of mammals, waterfowl, and vegetation. The availability and abundance of resources create an environmental pull within the Plains that is ideal for ancient hunter-gatherer site choice in a region where resources are relatively scarce. This thesis provides an ecological and human behavioral approach to analyze the ancient history of mobile peoples by examining 18 archaeological playa site assemblages totaling 5,052 artifacts from the Central Plains. The lithic assemblages are placed within a geographic and environmental context, taking into consideration elements of site choice such as distance to playa, topographical location, and playa size. The data reveal that site selection includes many complex factors not always determined by resource acquisition or the surrounding environment. The results also illustrate regional differences in playa occupation, specifically that occupations in the South Platte River Basin are more diverse and continuous when compared to playas elsewhere in the Great Plains. The findings from this research casts light on overall hunter-gatherer lifeways and reveals the importance of playas to indigenous groups in the Central Plains over a 12,000-year history.Item Open Access Consuming ideals: an archaeological investigation of the Social Hygiene Movement in Colorado(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2015) Griffin, Kristy Kay, author; Van Buren, Mary, advisor; Kwiatkowski, Lynn, committee member; Payne, Sarah, committee memberHistorical investigations of the Social Hygiene Movement (1890s-1930s) tend to focus on the urban origins of the concerns that sparked much of the resulting reform efforts. Furthermore, archaeological investigations that address artifacts associated with the Social Hygiene Movement often focus on either an urban or a rural setting, and usually only examine a single aspect of the movement rather than considering the impact of the totality of the movement’s ideology on American consumer behaviors. As a result, little is known about the materialization of the Social Hygiene Movement in the archaeological record and the differential appearance of associated artifacts at urban relative to rural sites. This project seeks to define Social Hygiene Movement-associated artifact types and undertake a comparative analysis of the occurrence of these artifacts at two urban and four rural sites in the state of Colorado in an effort to better understand the early material expressions of the movement in rural regions of the United States. This study was designed to 1) explore the assumption that artifacts related to health, hygiene, and cleanliness should appear at rural sites later than at urban sites, 2) determine if the Social Hygiene Movement manifested differently in rural regions relative to urban areas as evidenced in the archaeological record by types of consumer products purchased, and 3) if differences do exist, provide information about what other contextual and ideological factors may have caused the divergence. This project concludes that rural residents were likely aware of the emerging health, hygiene, and cleanliness ideals from nearly the beginning of the Social Hygiene Movement. However, differences in the frequency and types of products purchased suggest that consumer choices were informed by a shared system of rural values developed in opposition to the hegemonic rhetoric of Progressive Era reformers. The evidence presented in this study indicates that rural residents did not alter their hygienic practices and consumer behaviors to be in-line with urban standards, but rather selected the ideological aspects of the SHM that reinforced their rural identities and incorporated the products and practices which complemented their daily realities and social norms. The results highlight the importance of utilizing material studies in conjunction with historical research to achieve more nuanced understandings of the origins of the Social Hygiene Movement and question commonly-held assumptions based on the dominant discourse often evidenced in documentary sources.Item Open Access "Die at home": a contextualization and mapping of the New York City Draft Riots of 1863(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2018) Hoehne, Patrick Tyler, author; Gudmestad, Robert, advisor; Leisz, Stephen, committee member; Payne, Sarah, committee memberThis thesis attempts to contextualize and explore the New York City Draft Riots of 1863 – one of the deadliest instances of civil insurrection in American history – in order to prove that the violence of the riots was neither completely undirected nor uniform. At the heart of this argument is the simple idea that violence is never random. The first two chapters contextualize the Draft Riots within the greater experience of New York's Irish population, both in the Civil War and at home in New York City. The final two chapters, through a spatiotemporal analysis, seek to isolate patterns within riot violence in order to better understand the differing targets and tactics of rioters throughout the unrest.Item Open Access Exploring the use and life of Mantle's Cave (5MF1) through spatial analysis(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2023) Brooks, Erika Thiel, author; LaBelle, Jason M., advisor; Van Buren, Mary, committee member; Payne, Sarah, committee memberRediscovered in the early 1900s, the captivating artifacts from Mantle's Cave (5MF1) caught the attention of enthusiasts and archaeologists alike. Nestled above the banks of the Yampa River in Dinosaur National Monument, the alcove cave was used by the Fremont (A.D. 1-1350) peoples. The site's primary excavation was completed by Charles R. Scoggin and Edison P. Lohr from 1939-1940 who were employed by the University of Colorado Museum of Natural History. Their work generated the primary interpretation of the site as a storage facility and has been supported by subsequent research. This thesis works with the collection and archives related to the work of the University of Colorado to reconstruct how Mantle's Cave was used. Using literature on the markers of habitation, storage, and ritual behavior, this project evaluated how and where these elements were present at the site. This project found several markers of activity beyond storage was present at the site. An assessment of temporal data from the site was another component of this project. The results of this project suggest that Mantle's Cave was a place that Fremont people and some earlier people frequented to store items and complete a variety of everyday tasks.Item Open Access From bordered land, to borderland, and back again: how the Sangre de Cristo Land Grant became part of the United States, 1844-1878(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2020) Swisher, Jacob, author; Orsi, Jared, advisor; Little, Ann, committee member; Duffy, Andrea, committee member; Payne, Sarah, committee memberFrom 1844 to 1878, the Sangre de Cristo Land Grant, a one-million-acre parcel in Colorado and New Mexico's San Luis Valley, experienced a transition from a Ute landscape, to a Ute, Nuevomexicano, and American borderland, and, finally, to an American region. This rapid, thirty-year transformation centered on conflicts between Utes, Nuevomexicanos, and American and European migrants and land speculators over the grant's borders, including legal, racial, political, economic, and scientific ones. By 1878, the outcome of these border contests was a relatively stable, bordered landscape on the Sangre de Cristo Land Grant. Examining this transition as a shift from a Ute bordered land, to a Ute, Nuevomexicano, and American borderland, and, finally, into a bordered, American region not only demonstrates that border contests were central to the expansion of the United States and its settler populations across the American West but also shows how contests over borders have offered important avenues of resistance for local communities in the San Luis Valley in both the past and present.Item Open Access Influencing Leave No Trace behavioral intentions in frontcountry visitors to national and state parks(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2013) Lawhon, James B., author; Newman, Peter, advisor; Vagias, Wade, committee member; Payne, Sarah, committee member; Bruyere, Brett, committee memberResource degradation resulting from visitor behavior continues to be a significant concern for land managers, and effective educational messages such as those promoted through Leave No Trace, which target depreciative behaviors, are imperative. This thesis examined psychological and knowledge variables that were hypothesized to influence Leave No Trace behavioral intent of visitors to national and state parks. While knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviors of outdoor enthusiasts in the context of Leave No Trace have been studied in backcountry visitors, research pertaining to frontcountry visitors is limited. Chapter 1 examined specific factors that influence Leave No Trace behavioral intent in visitors to Rocky Mountain National Park. Data were obtained from an on-site survey administered to individuals (N = 390, response rate 74%) in the Bear Lake corridor of the park. Results of a regression analysis revealed that perceived effectiveness of Leave No Trace practices is a significant predictor of future behavioral intent (B > .21, p < .001, in all cases). Frontcountry visitors like those at Bear Lake are more likely to practice Leave No Trace if they perceive the practices to be effective at reducing impacts. Chapter 2 examined variables that were hypothesized to influence Leave No Trace behavioral intent in state park visitors. Data were obtained from an on-site survey administered to individuals (N = 346, response rate 93%) in three Wyoming state parks and historic sites. Results suggest that both attitudes and the perceived effectiveness of Leave No Trace practices are meaningful predictors of behavioral intent in state park visitors, and that messaging targeting these variables can be effective at influencing behavioral intent. Both chapters in this thesis provide specific managerial implications that could strengthen Leave No Trace educational efforts in frontcountry locations by targeting specific attitudes and perceptions about recommended Leave No Trace practices in order to influence behavioral intentions. Furthermore, the results indicate that visitors to national parks and state parks could generally benefit from a more uniform approach to Leave No Trace education, which is likely to enhance overall adoption of Leave No Trace by land managers across the agency spectrum.Item Restricted Love is a series of vaultings(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2024) Grabowski, River, author; Candelaria-Fletcher, Harrison, advisor; Beachy-Quick, Dan, committee member; Payne, Sarah, committee memberThis creative writing MFA thesis, Love is a Series of Vaultings, is a book-length collection of poems and essays that seek transformation by resacralizing the speaker's queer body and metabolizing the violence of white, evangelical Christianity toward a more ethical, ecological ritual consciousness. The writing is hybrid in medium and genre, which speaks to its attempts to defamiliarize easy boundaries of time and space, prose and poetry, text and image, body and world, nature and culture, spiritual and material, and male and female, ultimately disrupting an organizing hegemony of dualism that categorizes, oppresses, and generally tells an uninteresting story of the world. The method of the book's inquiry is an essay, in the old French etymological sense—an assai—an attempt, an experiment, a verb: how might the queer body recover from ecstatic wounds, illness, and isolation? The book is this speaker's attempt to become embodied in the world, to seek an alternate sense of spirituality that will satisfy the highest frequency of their (be)longing.Item Open Access Power, politics, and the origin of the Chinese Exclusion Era(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2017) Campbell, Jessica, author; Gudmestad, Robert, advisor; Payne, Sarah, committee member; Souza, Caridad, committee memberThis study places the origins of the Chinese Exclusion Era (1823-1882) in a larger regional, national, and international context to reveal that the Chinese Exclusion Era was not a direct cause and effect relationship between labor and policy, but rather a negotiation between various groups including immigrants, laborers, politicians, and businessmen, where each group worked in its own self-interest to achieve or eliminate the exclusion of Chinese immigrants in the United States. This study focuses on issues of race, class, and gender, with particular emphasis on the ways in which existing structures and institutions within the United States such as the black-white binary, democracy, and capitalism shaped the reception and ultimate exclusion of immigrants.