Browsing by Author "Carnevale, Elaine, committee member"

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Open Access
Dietary intake in a group of old mares fed a supplement containing long chain 18:3 (n-3) fatty acid and chromium
(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2012) Otabachian-Smith, Silvia, author; Hess, Tanja, advisor; Carnevale, Elaine, committee member; Engle, Terry, committee member; Landolt, Gabriele, committee member
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Open Access
Effect of aging on metabolic status and hormone responsiveness in the ovary
(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2019) Elrmly, Mustafa Ali, author; Barisas, B. George, advisor; Roess, Deborah A., advisor; Crans, Debbie C., committee member; Carnevale, Elaine, committee member
There were significant effects of mares' ages on gene expression in granolosa cells. Most of the effects we noted were on the expression of AMPK subunits, italics indicating genes rather than gene protein products, although there were significant effects of animal age on GLUT4 and IGF-1R expression as well. In general, increased expression of selected AMPK subunits occurred in older animals and, with one exception, in cells pre-treated with medium that did not contain FBS or additional glucose. Although the underlying cause of increased expression of the AMPK subunits was not determined in this study, various cellular stresses such as nutritional deprevation can lead to AMPK activation. This may be sufficient in aging animals to drive an increase in AMPK subunit expression. In addition to AMPK effects, there was a decrease in IGF-1R expression in older animals although this occurred only in cells pre-treated with medium containing FBS and additional glucose. There was also decreased expression of GLUT4 following hCG treatment and, again, this occurred only when cells were pre-treated with FBS and additional glucose. We then evaluated membrane lipid order to determine whether animal age affects the membrane structure of granulosa cells. Membrane lipid structure including formation of raft microdomains may affect signaling by receptors involved in reproductive and metabolic functions. Insulin receptors, IGF-1 receptors and EGF receptors require highly ordered membrane microdomains for signal transduction. In general, plasma membranes from older animals had more ordered membranes, perhaps due to an increase in in vivo cholesterol synthesis with age. Finally, we examined hormone responsiveness of granulosa cells from young and old mares fed a normal hay-based diet or antioxidant-enhanced commericial diet to evaluate hormone responsiveness with aging. Mares fed an enhanced antioxidant-rich diet showed increased insulin responsiveness, which suggests that at least some effects of aging, namely reduced insulin responses can be treated with an improved diet.
Embargo
IMSIS: an instrumented microphysiological system with integrated sensors for monitoring cellular metabolic activities
(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2024) Cheng, Ming-Hao, author; Chen, Thomas W., advisor; Lear, Kevin, committee member; Wilson, Jesse W., committee member; Carnevale, Elaine, committee member; Chicco, Adam J., committee member
Well plates are widely used in biological experiments, particularly in pharmaceutical sciences and cell biology. Their popularity stems from their versatility to support a variety of fluorescent markers for high throughput monitoring of cellular activities. However, using fluorescent markers in traditional well plates has its own challenges, namely, they can be potentially toxic to cells, and thus, may perturb their biological functions; and it is difficult to monitor multiple analytes concurrently and in real-time inside each well. In this dissertation, an Instrumented Microphyiological System with Integrated Sensors (IMSIS) platform is presented. The IMSIS platform is supported by integrated bioelectronic circuits and a graphical user interface for easy user configuration and monitoring. The IMSIS platform currently incorporates O2, H2O2, and pH sensors inside each well, allowing up to six wells to perform concurrent non-destructive and label-free measurements in real-time. The system has integrated microfluidics to maintain its microphysiological environment within each well. The miniaturized design ensures portability, suitable for small offices and field applications. The IMSIS platform is equipped with a 14-bit ADC and read channel bioelectronics with the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 79 dB, 112 dB, and 48 dB for measuring oxygen consumption rate (OCR), hydrogen peroxide production rate (HPR), and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), respectively. Furthermore, the scalable design of the architecture allows easy expansion to accommodate a higher throughput in the future. A graphical user interface was developed to provide a dashboard control by users for system operation. The versatile platform supports electrochemical sensing techniques such as amperometry, chronoamperometry, and potentiometry, with a reference electrode voltage range of ±1 V. The IMSIS platform has been used to monitor the real-time metabolic activities of various biological samples, including bovine, equine, and human oocytes, bovine and equine embryos, as well as isolated mouse cardiac mitochondria. The IMSIS platform has successfully shown its capability to simultaneously measure OCR, ECAR, and HPR both in the sample's basal state and in response to external stimuli, such as oligomycin. The design of the IMSIS platform and the experimental results underscore its significant potential for diverse clinical and research applications. These include embryo quality assessment for assisted reproductive technology (ART), investigation of the effects of obesity-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, and analysis of cancer tumors and their metabolic response to therapeutics.