Mountain Scholar

Mountain Scholar is an open access repository service that collects, preserves, and provides access to digitized library collections and other scholarly and creative works from Colorado State University and the University Press of Colorado. It also serves as a dark archive for the Open Textbook Library.

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Colorado State University, Fort Collins 29455
Explore the Colorado State University community’s scholarly output as well as items from the University at large and the CSU Libraries.
Open Textbook Library Archive 1897
A limited number of titles are available here. To see all OTL titles, please visit the Open Textbook Library at https://open.umn.edu/opentextbooks. Only Open Textbook Library staff have access to all OTL Archive titles held in Mountain Scholar.
University Press of Colorado 1122
Access is limited to University Press of Colorado members. Non-members: to purchase books, please visit https://upcolorado.com/.

Recent Submissions

Access status: Open Access ,
Measuring evapotranspiration of turfgrass
(1979) Feldhake, Charles M., author; Danileson, Robert E., advisor; Butler, Jackie D., committee member; Franklin, William T. committee member
Evapotranspiration (ET) of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) was measured in urban lawns, in a growth chamber and as part of a study relating canopy temperature to water stress. Lysimeters, 30.5 cm in diameter, were used to measure ET. Lack of control over urban lawn sites restricted the reliability of relating ET to microclimate. In the growth chamber study, ET was influenced by day temperature, night temperature, clipping height and soil texture. It was shown that soils high in clay are not desirable for use in lysimeters due to limited root growth. Average midday canopy temperature was more reliable at identifying water stress than daily ET measurements using lysimeters. Canopy temperature measurements, using an infrared thermometer, were utilized without correcting for canopy quality differences since the thermal emissivity of lush, green turf and dead, brown turf was found to be the same. The Barnes 14-220 infrared thermometer was calibrated and its scale was found to be 8% high for the 0-50°C range.
Access status: Open Access ,
"Stresses near a circular crack in a half space"
(1968) Alavi, Mir Jafar, author; Smith, F. W., advisor
Solutions are presented for a circular crack embedded in a semi-infinite solid and for a part circular crack in the surface of a semi-infinite solid. The stresses in the neighborhood of the crack were found by a superposition and iteration technique. Recurrence relationships and series solutions for some integrals involving Bessel functions were derived to facilitate the computations. A computer program was written to compute the stresses and stress intensity factor for two types of normal loading and for several crack geometries.
Access status: Restricted ,
Kissing a rancher's son
(1994) Frasier, Carrie C., author; Tremblay, Bill, advisor; Crow, Mary, committee member; Alexander, Ruth M., committee member
This book's unique structure is tied closely to its subject matter. Within the general themes of intimacy, language, sexuality, history and landscape, I use techniques and forms that embody the complex and cyclical nature of female sexuality. For example, through the overall structure of the book, sections are transformed into cycles, and the poems make revolutions within each cycle. Not only does the book as a whole make a progressive spiral, but so also does each revolution and even individual poems. Specifically, these techniques include: a non-linear structure in some poems; a circular or spiraling logic that leads not to one truth or meaning, but to many; and the contradictory nature of subject matter and tone within and between poems. Many poems have a conversational-like beginning, and employ humor and/or slang to pull the reader into the language. These techniques can be seen most clearly in the string of "Between Selves" poems which thread their way through the book. These letters create a sometimes painful dialogue between two voices. Coming from two very different sources, S and Y have moments of rage, passion, fear and tenderness, and their dialog explores the inner landscape, becoming a map for the steps towards mutual forgiveness and reconciliation. By the book's end, the voices gain distinction, but also a realization of their own interdependence. Language gives me the space to create. It allows a kind of neutral zone in which the rendering of the "original" experience (i.e. the experience one is trying to model in the writing) creates a new freedom, a distance from whatever is being reflected or explored. It is in this perspective on experience that writing transforms into a perspective on self. The language used is simultaneously the medium and the source for the recreation of self, and can re-make the self, and that self’s perspective, again and again. For this book, language acts as an accomplice in the art of the re-creation. Land as a theme is one reality for these poems. If language is a cultural creation, then land takes on a significant silence that is beyond culture and beyond language. Land is woven throughout the words, and speakers find insights in the varied landscapes--from the remote high country outside Ft. Collins, to the landmarks out of Steamboat Springs, to the cliffs of Lake Powell and the salt flats of Salt Lake, back to a small cemetery in Bellvue, Colorado. The poems use landscape as a departure point; the land becomes an airstrip for the intellectual and emotional psyche. Once launched, these psyches join and produce insights for the reader's landing. The natural environment is an alternative to the dense milieu of names and naming, an alternative to metaphors that can't capture the vastness, the simple solitude and the calm this western perspective provides. My theory of language is informed by the critical works of Michel Foucault, Frederick Nietzsche, and Helene Cixous, among others, with Saussaure's theory of signs acting as a foundation. He argues that the relationship between the signifier and the signified is arbitrary, that there is no necessary or logical correlation between the thing named and the name itself. If language is arbitrary, then it must ultimately fail at revealing a Truth or essential-ness; what language instead reveals is not only the shadowy non-system by which things are created and named, but more importantly, the multiplicituous nature of reality. Nietzsche and Foucault refute the "one Truth" doctrine, as well as supplying a genealogy for institutions that claim Truth. My poetry works at refuting "one Truth," by offering alternatives. This theory gets played out not only in the structure of the book, but also in the subject matter and writing techniques. Cixous is particularly influential to my work. Taking the "many truths" theory a step further, she writes "from the body," and provides a "female truth." In my poems, too, I am trying to challenge patriarchal assumptions by producing an alternative. Poems like "Kissing a Rancher's Son," "Garden Poem," and "Between Selves: Black Widow" ask questions about the meaning of "female" in a male world, and about maintaining integrity while gaining respect from the men those speakers work with, play with, grew up with and love. My poetics of feminine multiplicity, then, rise out of the language's inability to reveal a Truth, and its ability to create many. This is the world of poetry after Modernism: not a refutation of any one given poetics, but the emergence of a multiple poetics, where boundaries are elastic in nature-stretched, reformed, and resilient. The poems in this book embody a full range of speakers facing different situations, from the threat of violence from a loved one, to a close friend's miscarriage, to a personal land-tied history. The speakers work with the difficulties of emotional intimacy: daily power struggles, a kind of love-claustrophobia, and sexual identity, among other problems. The redeeming factor in the constant battle of intimacy is found in the very continuation of that struggle. Within language, this writer finds herself wielding its power. Writing with perspective on many truths and realities is part of my own map of atonement.
Access status: Open Access ,
Deep undercooling and winter hardiness limitations in conifers and conifer mistletoe parasites
(1980) Becwar, Michael R., author; Burke, Michael, advisor; Hanan, Joe J., committee member; Reid, C. P. P., committee member; Hartley, David E., committee member; Ross, Cleon, committee member
This study examines the occurrence and ecological significance of deep undercooling in conifers and conifer mistletoe parasites. Differential thermal analysis was used to detect low temperature exotherms (LTE's) that result from the freezing of deep undercooled water. LTE's near -40°C were found in winter collected stem and leaf tissue of the dominant timberline species of the Colorado Rocky Mountains, Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) and subalpine fir (Abies Zasiocarpa), and in numerous other woody species having an elevational limit at or below timberline. Based on a 5° C/1000 m temperature lapse rate, -40°C temperatures are predicted at timberline elevation in Colorado. Therefore, the winter hardiness limitation of deep undercooling may be a factor determining the abrupt and uniform cessation of upright tree growth in this region. The occurrence and variation of LTE's were studied in provenance collections of three boreal forest conifer species, white spruce (P. glauca), black spruce (P. mariana), and jack pine (Pinus banksiana). LTE's were found in the leaf tissue of all 71 acquisitions of white and black spruce between -43 and -49°C, and in 6 out of 20 acquisitions of jack pine between -45 and -47°C. LTE 's were not found in the stem tissue of any acquisition of the three species. The four most northern acquisitions of white spruce showed less variability in the LTE temperature (-47.8 ± 0.5°C) than the four most southern acquisitions (-45.8 ± 2.6°C). This suggests natural selection pressures in the north have favored trees with LTE's in leaf tissue at lower temperatures. Seeds of two conifer dwarf mistletoe parasites collected in Colorado; Arceuthobium americanum and A. cyanocarpum , avoid freezing in winter by deep undercooling all freezable tissue water to near -33°C. Seeds of A. americanum cooled to -40°C, below the LTE temperature, had 0% germination. In contrast, seeds cooled to -30°C, above the LTE temperature, had 52 % germination, similar to 54% for control seeds held at -2°C. Winter injury temperatures for the vegetative tissue of six conifer dwarf mistletoe parasites and Phoradendron juniperinum collected in Colorado and Arizona ranged from -25 to <-70°C. The vegetative tissue of the mistletoe species studied do not avoid freezing by deep undercooling and, therefore, may have maximum winter hardiness levels even lower than those determined.
Access status: Open Access ,
Cybersecurity incident management in the trucking industry
(2026-03-13) Daily, Jeremy, author; Jonson, Urban, author
Motor freight transportation has evolved into a highly interconnected cyber-physical system linking commercial vehicles, telematics platforms, cloud services, logistics systems, and regulatory infrastructure. Modern fleets utilize Electronic Logging Devices (ELDs), telematics systems, cloud-based dispatch and fleet management platforms, remote diagnostics, and extensive third-party service providers to enable efficient and compliant operations. While these technologies generate substantial operational and safety benefits, they also introduce systemic cybersecurity risks by tightly coupling vehicle systems, enterprise IT environments, vendors, and regulatory infrastructure. As a result, cybersecurity incidents in the motor freight sector are no longer confined to data loss or traditional IT outages; they increasingly threaten to disrupt vehicle operations, degrade roadway safety, and cascade across supply chains and national borders. To date, the trucking industry has not experienced a publicly confirmed malicious cyber incident that simultaneously disrupts fleets, vendors, and freight operations at a large operational scale. However, research findings, observed vulnerabilities, and incidents in adjacent sectors demonstrate that the conditions for such an event already exist. Shared technology platforms, homogeneous device deployments, centralized telematics services, and reliance on cloud infrastructure create environments where localized compromises can propagate rapidly across multiple fleets or regions. This report examines cybersecurity incident management for cyber events that may evolve from subtle technical anomalies into widespread operational disruption. The analysis builds on the NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 to evaluate how the Detect, Respond, and Recover functions operate in a distributed environment characterized by fragmented authority, limited operational visibility, and complex vendor dependencies. Particular attention is given to the convergence of information technology (IT) and operational technology (OT), where cyber activity may resemble routine maintenance actions, equipment faults, or driver error. This ambiguity can delay detection and complicate escalation decisions, allowing incidents to persist or expand before coordinated response mechanisms are activated. A central finding of the report is that large-scale incident response in motor freight is constrained less by technology and more by organizational and systemic factors. Maintenance technicians, fleet operations personnel, and safety staff are often the first to observe operational anomalies, yet escalation pathways are typically designed for isolated mechanical failures rather than correlated cyber events. At the same time, technology vendors and cybersecurity teams may detect digital intrusions without clear visibility into their operational consequences. When incidents span fleets, vendors, or jurisdictions, it is uncertain who possesses the authority, resources, or situational awareness to coordinate an effective response independently. To address these challenges, the report introduces complementary frameworks designed to strengthen incident response across the motor freight ecosystem. A new Industry Readiness Maturity Model provides carriers and technology providers with a structured method for assessing and improving their ability to detect, respond to, and recover from cyber incidents affecting freight operations. Similarly, a Government Readiness Maturity Model provides a parallel framework for evaluating how public-sector organizations coordinate responses to large-scale incidents, including incident triage, interagency communication, technical assistance, and cross-border coordination. Because freight transportation routinely crosses provincial and national boundaries, government coordination is essential for managing systemic cyber incidents. The report highlights how stakeholders can support ecosystem resilience by facilitating information sharing, strengthening sector coordination, and aligning transportation cybersecurity practices with national frameworks such as Canada's Federal Cyber Incident Response Plan (FCIRP). The analysis also emphasizes the importance of compatible U.S.–Canada alerting and coordination mechanisms when incidents affect shared freight corridors, infrastructure providers, or cross-border supply chains. Ultimately, the report argues that cybersecurity incident management in motor freight must be treated as an operational capability rather than a compliance exercise. Effective preparedness requires shared situational awareness, structured escalation thresholds, practiced coordination mechanisms, and governance frameworks that recognize freight transportation as a distributed cyber-physical system. Largely, these incident response mechanisms already exist, but personnel (both government and industry) may not be aware of the available resources. By developing incident response and coordination plans, industry and government stakeholders can reduce the likelihood that cyber incidents escalate into widespread safety, economic, or national security disruptions.