Rolston, Holmes, 1932-, authorNew York Botanical Garden, publisher2007-01-032007-01-031988Rolston, Holmes, III, In Defense of Ecosystems, Garden 12, no. 4 (July/August 1988): 2-5, 32.http://hdl.handle.net/10217/36763Ethical concern has focused on the welfare of individuals--persons, animals, plants--but an environmental ethic is not complete without concern for the biotic community. This shift of focus can be defended with prudential reasons. At depth, however, the defense of ecosystems involves more moral courage. Human cultures emerged from Earth's ecosystems, remain tethered to them, and ought to respect creative evolutionary ecosystems, the systems of life.born digitalarticleseng©1988 New York Botanical Garden.Copyright and other restrictions may apply. User is responsible for compliance with all applicable laws. For information about copyright law, please see https://libguides.colostate.edu/copyright.Endangered Species Actecosystemsenvironmental ethicsecological ethicsText