Lear, Kevin L., authorHadley, G. Ronald, authorCrawford, Mary Hagerott, authorChoquette, Kent D., authorChow, W. W. (Weng W.), authorIEEE, publisher2007-01-032007-01-031997Chow, Weng W., et al., Design, Fabrication, and Performance of Infrared and Visible Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 33, no. 10 (October 1997): 1810-1824.http://hdl.handle.net/10217/826This paper discusses the issues involving the design and fabrication of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL's). A review of the basic experimental structures is given, with emphasis on recent developments in distributed Bragg reflectors, gain media, as well as current and optical confinement techniques. The paper describes present VCSEL performance, in particular, those involving selective oxidation and visible wavelength operation.born digitalarticleseng©1997 IEEE.Copyright and other restrictions may apply. User is responsible for compliance with all applicable laws. For information about copyright law, please see https://libguides.colostate.edu/copyright.semiconductor laserssemiconductor device fabricationoptoelectronic devicesText