Zolper, J. C., authorKilcoyne, Sean Patrick, authorLear, Kevin L., authorSchneider, Richard P., authorCheng, Julian, authorHains, C., authorLuo, Wen-Lin, authorLu, Bo, authorIEEE, publisher2007-01-032007-01-031998Lu, Bo, et al., High-Efficiency and High-Power Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser Designed for Cryogenic Applications, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 7, no. 5 (May 1995): 447-448.http://hdl.handle.net/10217/828We report the first vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) that has been optimized for cryogenic applications near 77 K, with superior characteristics that include a high output power (Pout = 22 mW at I = 25 mA), high power conversion efficiency (ηd = 32%), low threshold voltage (Vth = 1.75 V) and current (Ith = 1.7 mA), and low power dissipation (9 mW at Pout = 2.0 mW) for a 20-μm-diameter device.born digitalarticleseng©1995 IEEE.Copyright and other restrictions may apply. User is responsible for compliance with all applicable laws. For information about copyright law, please see https://libguides.colostate.edu/copyright.optical design techniquescryogenicsaluminium compoundsIII-V semiconductorslaser cavity resonatorsgallium arsenidesemiconductor laserssurface emitting lasersText