Peripheral tolerance is essential for silencing weakly autoreactive B cells that have escaped central tolerance, but it is unclear why these potentially pathogenic B cells are retained rather than being eliminated entirely. ...

Formation of the craniofacial skeleton involves the invasion of the migratory cranial neural crest (cNCC) into the pharyngeal arches, where they will terminally differentiate and contribute to the bone and cartilage that ...

Adherence to a prescribed medication regimen is an important consideration in both clinical trial conduct and real-world treatment plans, and it is increasingly evident that adherence predicts better treatment outcomes. ...

The FDA is authorized to approve important, high risk drugs by requiring Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies (REMS) to manage risk. The most restrictive policies in a REMS are Elements to Assure Safe Use. Currently, ...

There is a significant need for more effective treatments for neurological and psychiatric diseases. Implantable neurostimulators are increasingly used as new therapeutic options for these diseases. This work will discuss ...

Nearly every discussion of a clinical research study includes an evaluation of internal and external validity. While randomized clinical trials can overcome several threats to internal validity, they may be prone to poor ...

Recent development of high throughput single cell methods has expanded our understanding of tissue heterogeneity, cell states, and developmental biology. Current single cell methods aim to understand cell function and ...

Since the start of post-September 11th, 2001 combat operations in Afghanistan, increasing numbers of soldiers have returned from deployment with symptoms consistent with an asthma-like airways disease. This Deployment ...

Generated during incomplete combustion of carbon sources, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been shown to lead to both lung and digestive tract cancers. Exposures to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a group I carcinogen ...

Chronic HIV infection in the era of anti-retroviral therapy is associated with dramatically increased risk of developing severe cardio-pulmonary disease. Common to these diseases are increased oxidative burden and chronic ...