2006 Projects
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Item Open Access Leukocyte population dynamics in response to ovalbumin peptide immunization in DO11 mice(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2006) Mitrescu, Laura M., author; Schenkel, Alan R., authorDO11 mice are transgenic mice, which have a T cell receptor (TCR) capable of specifically recognizing the protein ovalbumin. CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes carrying this TCR be easily traced, making these mice a useful animal model in which to follow an immune response. Injection of ovalbumin peptide in adjuvant initiates an immune response, leading to changes in the various lymphocyte subsets responding to the stimulus. We expected to see an increase in the number of effector cells shortly after immunization, followed by the development of an ovalbumin-specific memory population of CD4 lymphocytes over long term. In order to monitor the different leukocyte populations participating in the response, we used flow cytometry coupled with surface staining for relevant cell markers. As expected, effector cell numbers showed a statistically significant increase at the 10-day timepoint, although both ovalbumin specific and nonspecific cells responded. This may be due to addition of adjuvant. over a 6-month period, immediate effectors disappeared and most cell populations returned to baseline levels. However, we could not find a CD4 memory cell population in the spleen. In addition to T cell,s we also monitored changes in other leukocyte population that might participate in the immune response. Future aims are to examine the immune response to ovalbumin in PECAM deficient mice. PECAM is a cell adhesion molecule, which mediates several steps of the immune response. The data generated by this project in wild-type mice will be used as a control to data obtained in PECAM knockout mice in order to clarify the role of PECAM in inflammation.Item Open Access Design with a client in mind: using an abstract model for apparel design(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2006) Morris, Kristen D., author; Sanders, Eulanda A., authorThe purpose of this project was to design a line of three non-traditional women's business wear jackets that successfully met the needs of a specific target market according to Lamb and Kallal's Functional, Expressive, and Aesthetic (FEA) Consumer Needs Model (1992). The jackets explored creative silhouettes and Computer Aided Design (CAD) software, and computerized embroidery embellishment.Item Open Access Capture the flag: computer science style(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2006) Robertson, Kathy Lynn, author; Massey, Dan, author; Ray, Indrajit, authorWith today's technology, and corresponding security vulnerabilities it is important for students to have security in the forefront of their thought process when creating or maintaining networks, hardware and software. It was for this reason that Capture the Flag: Computer Science Style event was planned. Starting with a certain set of widely known security exploits, each team was to hack, crack and sneak into servers, steal password, sniff traffic and take advantage of certain security exploits. This poster will cover one of these security hacks in detail, and explain the goals and results from the first ever Capture the Flag: Computer Science Style event.Item Open Access Bridging the gap between the old and young?(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2006) McAlister, Courtney, author; McHenry, Megan Dawn, author; Downey, Eleanor Pepi, authorThis study used a semantic differential scale to investigate the attitudes that students at Colorado State University hold toward older adults. The instrument evaluates specific attitudes held by college students. These attitudes are then compared to the level of interaction that students have had with older adults and the quality of that interaction. An initial investigation revealed that the level of interaction with older adults was positively correlated to a more positive attitude. This study aims to further investigate variables affecting this correlation, specifically quality of interaction versus quantity of interaction.Item Open Access High resolution microscope of the future: using an ultrashort wavelength laser to image integrated circuits(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2006) Tippie, Abbie, author; Kautz, Christopher, author; Eifealdt, Eric L., author; Menoni, Carmen S., authorAs the dimensions of integrated circuits continue to decrease, new metrology tools that acan inspect the nanoscale patterns and features need to be developed. In this project we developed a compact zone plate imaging tool using a 46.9 nm laser as its illumination source. The microscope can render images in transmission and reflection mode with unsurpassed spatial resolution. In addition it is very versatile as it incorporates a visible imaging system that allows the user to pre-select the area if interest to image at higher magnification with the 46.9 nm light. Image acquisition is automated through control software developed for the system. This is the highest resolution table-top microscope at this wavelength ever reported.Item Open Access Endoplasmic reticulum stress increases glucose production in vivo via effects on liver glycogenolysis and glucose-6-phosphatase activity(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2006) Gonzales, Jon C., author; Wang, Dong, author; Wei, Yuren, author; Pagliassotti, Michael J., authorRecent evidence suggests that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress can induce impairments in both insulin secretion and insulin action. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of ER stress on glucose production in vivo. Fasted rats were anesthetized and catheters were placed in the carotid artery, jugular vein, and jejunal vein. A pancreatic clamp was performed in which somatostatin was infused to inhibit pancreatic insulin and glucagon secretion. These hormones were then replaced at basal levels. To examine the effects of ER stress on glucose production, 6,6-2H2 Glucose was infused in the absence (CON, n =4) or presence of jejunal vein tunicamycin delivery (TUN, n =6). TUN induces ER stress through inhibition of protein glycosylation. Arterial insulin, glucagon, corticosterone, and free fatty acid concentrations were constant throughout experiments and were not different between groups. Glucose concentration and production increased by 76.2+-24.2 mg/dl and 2.6+-1.2 mg/kg/min (mean+-SDEV), respectively, in TUN, but did not change in CON. Liver glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) and phosphoenopyruvate carboxykinase mRNA were not different between groups. Liver, but not kidney, G6Pase activity (nmoles/mg protein/30min) was increased in TUN (7.2+-2.1) vs. CON (0.2+-0.3). Liver glycogen concentration was reduced by 62% in TUN vs. CON. These data suggest that experimental induction of ER stress can increase the production of glucose in vivo, in part, via activation of hepatic glycogenolysis and G6Pase.Item Open Access ATM and CHK-1 activity in young versus senescent human fibroblasts(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2006) Axelrad, Jessica D., author; Ray, Andrew F., authorATM and CHK1 are two different DNA repair proteins. As such, they are an important factor in preventing tumors caused by multiple damages and subsequent mutations in the DNA strands. As people get older they have an increased chance of getting cancer because their cells have had more opportunities to mutate. We hypothesized that it is also possible a person's chance of getting cancer increases with age because the DNA repair proteins, such as ATM and CHK1, become less efficient with age. Protein activity was evaluated by first damaging cellular DNA in young, middle aged, and senescent human fibroblasts, by exposing them to gamma radiation. A Western blot analysis was then performed to determine the concentration of phosphorylated (or activated) ATM and CHK1 proteins in these different aged cells. The data showed that the ATM proteins become more phosphorylated the more radiation the cells are exposed to (as expected), but that, especially in the 10-G cells, the young and middle aged cells have a higher concentration of activated ATM than the old cells. There is a similar pattern with the CHK1 protein blot. The activated protein concentration increases with an increased dose of radiation, but while the 10-G young and middle aged cells have a significant CHK1 concentration, the near senescent cells do not. This decrease in DNA repair protein activation contributes to a person's increased likelihood of cancer. Not only have the older cells undergone more opportunities for a genetic mutation to occur, but the ability of the cell to repair DNA damage appears to be compromised. Future studies will include DNA repair assays.