Browsing by Author "Wickens, Christopher, committee member"
Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Open Access Examining the role of automation transparency in learning with intelligent tutoring systems(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2023) Pharmer, Rebecca L., author; Clegg, Benjamin, advisor; Wickens, Christopher, committee member; Martey, Rosa, committee member; Tompkins, Sara-Anne, committee memberIn the present study, a training system that either assigned restudy of concepts based on learner performance (adaptive instruction) or provided a set amount of restudy (static instruction) was designed to investigate whether adding automation transparency into an intelligent tutoring system would improve learning outcomes in an assembly task. Participants received instruction on the assembly process of 8 unique shapes. They were provided with error sensitive feedback that served the transparency manipulation, where some participants received explanations of why they were receiving restudy or were given generic feedback. Findings indicate that adaptive instruction may be most beneficial to learning when automation transparency provides learners with an understanding of how the system is responding to their performance. Findings and implications to be discussed.Item Open Access Perception or response bias?: evaluating competing hypotheses through automation of action-control(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2017) Tenhundfeld, Nathan L., author; Witt, Jessica, advisor; Clegg, Benjamin, committee member; Gibbons, Alyssa, committee member; Smith, Charles A. P., committee member; Wickens, Christopher, committee memberThe claim of action-specific researchers is that one's ability to act affects his or her perception of the environment. When using a reach extending tool, such as a stick, objects appear closer than they do without using that stick. However, whether these effects are perception or simply a response bias has been hotly contested. In this dissertation, four experiments were run using the Pong task to be able to differentiate between a response bias and evidence for a perceptual account. Results indicate that not only were results not in line with a response bias account, but they were what the action-specific account of perception would predict. Results are discussed in context of what this means for theories of visual perception. Results are then discussed in relation to the motor simulation hypothesis to evaluate its validity as an explanation for action-specific effects. Finally, given the nature of the experimental design, a framework for a Theory of Automation Embodiment is developed.Item Open Access Switch choice in applied multi-task management(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2014) Gutzwiller, Robert, author; Clegg, Benjamin, advisor; Wickens, Christopher, committee member; Kraiger, Kurt, committee member; Hayne, Stephen, committee memberLittle to date is known concerning how operators make choices in environments where cognitive load is high and they are faced with multiple different tasks to choose from. This dissertation reviewed a large body of voluntary task switching literature concerning basic research into choice in task switching, as well as what literature was available for applied task switching. From this and a prior model, a revised model of task switching choice that takes into account specific task attributes of difficulty, priority, interest and salience, was developed. In the first experiment, it was shown that task difficulty and priority influenced switching behavior. While task attributes were hypothesized to influence switching, a second major influence is time on task. In the second experiment, it was shown that tasks indeed vary in their interruptability over time, and this was related in part to what task was competing for attention as well as the cognitive processing required for the ongoing task performance. In a third experiment, a new methodology was developed to experimentally assess the role of diminishing rate of returns for performing a task. This declining rate was expected (and did result in) a general increase of switching away from an ongoing task over time. In conclusion, while task attributes and time on task play a major role in task switching in the current studies, defining the time period for theorized effects appears to be the next major step toward understanding switching choice behavior. Additionally, though the experiments are novel and certainly make a major contribution, to the extent that behavior is only represented in them, the methodology may miss some amount of `other' task behavior, such as visual sampling.Item Open Access The influence of trust, self-confidence and task difficulty on automation use(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2023) Patton, Colleen E., author; Clegg, Benjamin, advisor; Wickens, Christopher, committee member; Fisher, Gwen, committee member; Ortega, Francisco, committee memberAutomation can be introduced statically or dynamically to help humans perform tasks. Static automation includes always-present automation types, whereas in dynamic automation, the presence of automation is controlled by another source, typically a human. In static automation, trust, automation accuracy, task difficulty and prior experience with the automation all contribute to the human dependence on the automation. In the dynamic literature however, a small body of research suggests that accuracy and task difficulty do not impact the decision to use automation, but a combination of trust and self-confidence does. The difference between the influence (or lack thereof) of task difficulty in static and dynamic automation is unusual, and prior literature does not make a strong case as to why this difference exists. Through three experiments, the influences of task difficulty, prior experience, trust, self-confidence, and their interactions are investigated. Experiment 1 used a dual task warehouse management paradigm with a lower-workload and higher-workload version of the task. Results indicated that trust-self-confidence difference was related to automation use, such that higher trust and lower self-confidence led to more use. Additionally, the difficulty manipulation did not have an impact on automation use, but self-confidence did not change across the two levels of difficulty. Experiment 2 investigated four levels of difficulty through a dynamic decision making task with participants detecting hostile ships. There was a difference in automation use at the easiest and most difficult levels, indicating that if the task difficulty difference is salient enough, it may influence automation use. The trust-self-confidence relationship was also present here, but these measures were only collected at the end of the task so their influence across the difficulty levels could not be measured. Experiment 3 used the same paradigm as Experiment 2 to investigate how perceived difficulty, as compared to objective difficulty, influences automation use. Results indicated that perceived workload influenced automation use, as did the change the trust-self-confidence difference. The findings of these experiments provide insight into how trust and self-confidence interact to influence the choice to use automation and provide novel evidence for the importance of workload in discretionary automation use decisions. This suggests the importance of consideration of human operator perceptions and beliefs about a system and of themselves when considering how often automation will be used. These findings create a foundation for a model of influences on automation use.Item Open Access Theoretical analysis of the philosophy and practice of disciplined inquiry(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2015) Hutchins, Shaun D., author; De Miranda, Michael, advisor; Lynham, Susan, advisor; Wickens, Christopher, committee member; Clegg, Benjamin, committee memberThis dissertation theoretically examined the process of disciplined inquiry in the social sciences from its philosophical foundations to its extensions into practice. Key to conceptualization of disciplined inquiry were two regulative ideals: the commitment to the concepts that define the possibility of experience and the commitment to processes for combining the concepts of experience. The paradigm theory of Lincoln, Lynham, and Guba (e.g., Lincoln & Lynham, 2011; Lincoln, Lynham, & Guba, 2011) provided a sophisticated explanation of the possibility of experience that inquirers can commit to when engaging in disciplined inquires. Review of literature revealed an inadequacy in the state of theoretical understanding of processes for combining the concepts of experience. To develop a theoretical agenda of research for disciplined inquiry, the literature on paradigm theory and theory building was analyzed. A historical analysis of paradigm theory revealed milestones in more than 40 years of inquiry focused on conceptualization of the theory. A reverse engineering analysis theoretically examined paradigm theory and its milestones identified from the historical analysis for key features of the theoretical process. A revised conceptualization of disciplined inquiry was presented and a theoretical agenda for developing the underlying theoretical framework for the processes of combining the concepts of experience was outlined.Item Open Access Time sharing performance of egocentric and allocentric frames of reference as an indicator of resource pool(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2021) Patton, Colleen E., author; Clegg, Bemjamin, advisor; Wickens, Christopher, committee member; Ortega, Francisco, committee memberThe Multiple Resource Model (MRM) sets forth groups of cognitive resources and is used to predict dual task interference. Recent updates to the model suggest that it may not be all encompassing. The current studies aim to determine the resource use of egocentric and allocentric frames of reference (FoR) within the criteria of the MRM. Egocentric and allocentric FoR have been widely studied for their use in navigation aids, especially in aviation, and a plethora of neurological research has attempted to determine the neural correlates of each FoR. These two bodies of literature support the first two criteria of being considered separate resources, but the time sharing capabilities (the last criterion) have not been investigated. The current research used a dual task paradigm under intermediate and heavy resource use to determine how these FoR can be time shared. Results between experiments conflicted but indicated a stronger tendency toward improved performance under conditions in which the FoR being used for both tasks was the same. This was unexpected and does not fit into the MRM. Improved performance may be a result of task similarity, which can improve performance according to the shared processing routines hypothesis. Implications for navigation aid design are discussed.