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Browsing by Author "Patton, Colleen E., author"

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    The influence of trust, self-confidence and task difficulty on automation use
    (Colorado State University. Libraries, 2023) Patton, Colleen E., author; Clegg, Benjamin, advisor; Wickens, Christopher, committee member; Fisher, Gwen, committee member; Ortega, Francisco, committee member
    Automation can be introduced statically or dynamically to help humans perform tasks. Static automation includes always-present automation types, whereas in dynamic automation, the presence of automation is controlled by another source, typically a human. In static automation, trust, automation accuracy, task difficulty and prior experience with the automation all contribute to the human dependence on the automation. In the dynamic literature however, a small body of research suggests that accuracy and task difficulty do not impact the decision to use automation, but a combination of trust and self-confidence does. The difference between the influence (or lack thereof) of task difficulty in static and dynamic automation is unusual, and prior literature does not make a strong case as to why this difference exists. Through three experiments, the influences of task difficulty, prior experience, trust, self-confidence, and their interactions are investigated. Experiment 1 used a dual task warehouse management paradigm with a lower-workload and higher-workload version of the task. Results indicated that trust-self-confidence difference was related to automation use, such that higher trust and lower self-confidence led to more use. Additionally, the difficulty manipulation did not have an impact on automation use, but self-confidence did not change across the two levels of difficulty. Experiment 2 investigated four levels of difficulty through a dynamic decision making task with participants detecting hostile ships. There was a difference in automation use at the easiest and most difficult levels, indicating that if the task difficulty difference is salient enough, it may influence automation use. The trust-self-confidence relationship was also present here, but these measures were only collected at the end of the task so their influence across the difficulty levels could not be measured. Experiment 3 used the same paradigm as Experiment 2 to investigate how perceived difficulty, as compared to objective difficulty, influences automation use. Results indicated that perceived workload influenced automation use, as did the change the trust-self-confidence difference. The findings of these experiments provide insight into how trust and self-confidence interact to influence the choice to use automation and provide novel evidence for the importance of workload in discretionary automation use decisions. This suggests the importance of consideration of human operator perceptions and beliefs about a system and of themselves when considering how often automation will be used. These findings create a foundation for a model of influences on automation use.
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    Time sharing performance of egocentric and allocentric frames of reference as an indicator of resource pool
    (Colorado State University. Libraries, 2021) Patton, Colleen E., author; Clegg, Bemjamin, advisor; Wickens, Christopher, committee member; Ortega, Francisco, committee member
    The Multiple Resource Model (MRM) sets forth groups of cognitive resources and is used to predict dual task interference. Recent updates to the model suggest that it may not be all encompassing. The current studies aim to determine the resource use of egocentric and allocentric frames of reference (FoR) within the criteria of the MRM. Egocentric and allocentric FoR have been widely studied for their use in navigation aids, especially in aviation, and a plethora of neurological research has attempted to determine the neural correlates of each FoR. These two bodies of literature support the first two criteria of being considered separate resources, but the time sharing capabilities (the last criterion) have not been investigated. The current research used a dual task paradigm under intermediate and heavy resource use to determine how these FoR can be time shared. Results between experiments conflicted but indicated a stronger tendency toward improved performance under conditions in which the FoR being used for both tasks was the same. This was unexpected and does not fit into the MRM. Improved performance may be a result of task similarity, which can improve performance according to the shared processing routines hypothesis. Implications for navigation aid design are discussed.