Project with Rutledge group run by Brenda Dolan to look at rainfall size distributions and link those to microphysical processes within multiple cloud environements. My main contribution is to process former RAMS simulations of various cloud environments highlighted below. Outputting Do, Dm, sigma, logNw to compare to disdrometer data. FIRST NOTE THAT ALL SIMULATIONS FOR THIS PROJECT SIT AT: /precipitation/smsaleeb/DOE.MICRO-simulations/NOBAK ############################################################################### Several Saleeby project directories sit at: ############################################################################### proj.2017-doe.micro-multi-6.2.11-FLOYD = contains code to run: (1) DX=250m,DZ=100m ATEX stratocumulus, (2)namma idealized tropical convection, (3)DX=1km Grant supercell runs to test RainDrop Breakup. proj.2017-doe.micro-atex-hires-6.2.12-STRATUS = contains all code and scripts for running DX=200m,DZ=50m ATEX simulations which are higher resolution than the ones mentioned above. (Ran on DOE-STRATUS supercomputer) proj.2017-doe.micro-supercell-hires-6.2.12-STRATUS = contains all code and scripts for running DX=500m and DX=300m Grant supercell simulations. (Ran on DOE-STRATUS supercomputer) Auto.2017-doe.micro-archived-runs = contains all the ARCHIVED SIMULATIONS used in this study. Ran these here to mainly obtain Do rain drop frequency by bin for analyzing raindrop breakup. Auto.2017-doe.micro-atex-hires-6.2.12 = analysis of the ATEX simulations run by proj.2017-doe.micro-atex-hires-6.2.12-STRATUS Auto.2017-doe.micro-supercell-hires-6.2.12 = analysis of the GRANT SUPERCELL simulations run by proj.2017-doe.micro-supercell-hires-6.2.12-STRATUS Auto.2017-doe.micro-multi-6.2.11 = analysis of simulations run within proj.2017-doe.micro-multi-6.2.11-FLOYD ############################################################################### Here we are running REVU on multiple old RAMS simulations and some new ones. This section summarizes the simulations in the database. New simulations have more details at the bottom of the notes here. ############################################################################### For simulations run with RAMS 6.1.11 and earlier we need to use the executable "revu-6.2.09.reversearrays" since we have done an array swap in newer RAMS/REVU to deal with row major / column major issues in RAMS runtime and HDF5 output. In older versions of RAMS, we also did not output GNU for each hydrometeor type in the header file, so we hardcoded this in REVU temporarily to get a compiled version of REVU with dm,d0,lowgn,sigma for the value of GNU=2 for rain in the older simulations (revu-6.2.09.reversearrays.nu2). This applies to simulations run about before 2015. Check header file for "gnu". We run REVU for each simulations to output a number of variables as group in different files. All the rain-related variables are output to files with the "rain" label: rain_gam_dm rain_gam_d0 rain_gam_lognw rain_gam_sigma rain_m3 rain_concen_m3 pcprr pcpvr All the micro-budget variables are output to files with the "micro" label: cld2raint ice2raint vapliqt vapicet melticet rimecldt rain2icet aggregatet Some extra variables are produced with "extra1" label: vt_cld2raint vt_ice2raint vt_vapliqt vt_vapicet vt_melticet vt_rimecldt vt_rain2icet vt_aggregatet latheatvap latheatfrz latheatvapt latheatfrzt w reflect_all ****************************************************************************** ****************************************************************************** ****************************************************************************** ## Supercell using Leah Grant Setup HIRES - Saleeby Simulations ## proj.2017-doe.micro-supercell-hires-6.2.12-STRATUS / runrams RAMS VERSION 6.2.12 (run on DOE - STRATUS) These are supercell simulations using Leah Grant's sounding from her paper cited below. I am using the control RAMSIN from Leah Grant based on her JAS papers in 2014,2015. We initially ran her tests at coarser spacing (DX=500m) but decided to go to Leah's finer spacing (DX=300m). I'm using her physics specs, but ZROUGH=0.0001. Freeslip flag is set to on, so SFLUX surface terms are zero. In these simulations we varied the value of GNU for rain. This version of RAMS used DMB1 (minimum mean mass of 0.3mm). Results from simulations were written up as: [Grant,L.D., and S.C. van den Heever, 2014: Microphysical and dynamical characteristics of low-precipitation and classic supercells. J. Atmos. Sci., 71, 2604-2624.] For simulations details see RAMSIN, Auto, and Proj directory files: Auto.2017-doe.micro-supercell-hires-6.2.12 proj.2017-doe.micro-supercell-hires-6.2.12-STRATUS / runrams/A.RAMSINs / RAMSIN.supercell.grant.hires.gnu01.500dx RAMSIN.supercell.grant.hires.gnu02.500dx RAMSIN.supercell.grant.hires.gnu03.500dx RAMSIN.supercell.grant.hires.gnu04.500dx RAMSIN.supercell.grant.hires.gnu10.500dx RAMSIN.supercell.grant.hires.hucm-fast.500dx RAMSIN.supercell.grant.hires.hucm-full.500dx RAMSIN.supercell.grant.hires.gnu01.300dx RAMSIN.supercell.grant.hires.gnu02.300dx RAMSIN.supercell.grant.hires.gnu03.300dx RAMSIN.supercell.grant.hires.gnu04.300dx RAMSIN.supercell.grant.hires.gnu10.300dx RAMSIN.supercell.grant.hires.hucm-fast.300dx RAMSIN.supercell.grant.hires.hucm-full.300dx Simulations can be found at: /precipitation/smsaleeb/DOE.MICRO-simulations/NOBAK/ doe.supercell.grant.hires.gnu01.500dx doe.supercell.grant.hires.gnu02.500dx doe.supercell.grant.hires.gnu03.500dx doe.supercell.grant.hires.gnu04.500dx doe.supercell.grant.hires.gnu10.500dx doe.supercell.grant.hires.hucm-fast.500dx doe.supercell.grant.hires.hucm-full.500dx doe.supercell.grant.hires.gnu01.300dx doe.supercell.grant.hires.gnu02.300dx doe.supercell.grant.hires.gnu03.300dx doe.supercell.grant.hires.gnu04.300dx doe.supercell.grant.hires.gnu10.300dx doe.supercell.grant.hires.hucm-fast.300dx doe.supercell.grant.hires.hucm-full.300dx ****************************************************************************** ****************************************************************************** ****************************************************************************** ## ATEX-3D Stratocu HIRES - Saleeby Simulations ## proj.2017-doe.micro-atex-hires-6.2.12-STRATUS / runrams RAMS VERSION 6.2.12 (run on DOE - STRATUS) These are the ATEX stratocumulus evolution simulations that are idealized with periodic boundary conditions and run at 200m horizontal grid spacing and 50 meter vertical spacing. They are run 24-hrs and microphysics budgets are updated every 5-min at the output interval of 5-min. The 5-min data micro budget variables are values accumulated over the 5-min period. We are not subsampling the data horizontally, but we are sub-sampling in time by only providing analysis every 10-min. Micro budgets need to keep this in mind when computing rates/time. In these simulations we varied the value of GNU for rain. This version of RAMS used DMB1 (minimum mean mass of 0.3mm). We ran a test at DMB1=0.1mm by recompiling the code with this lower value to see how this impacts the rain drop frequency distribution of Do. See simulation "doe.atex.0050ccn.hires.gnu03dmb1" Note that the simulations using HUCM "doe.atex.0050ccn.hires.hucm-full" would not produce a consistent stratocumulus deck at all. We resorted to even higher resolution simulations that Adele Igel ran for us. This could also have to do with HUCM removing and not regenerating aerosols. The regenerated aerosol function was turned off in the code and commented out. Results from SIMILAR ATEX simulations were written up as: [Saleeby et al. 2015: Impacts of cloud droplet-nucleating aerosols on shallow tropical convection. J.Atmos.Sci., 72, 1369-1385.] For simulations details see RAMSIN, Auto, and Proj directory files: Auto.2017-doe.micro-atex-hires-6.2.12 proj.2017-doe.micro-atex-hires-6.2.12-STRATUS / runrams/A.RAMSINs / RAMSIN.atex.0050ccn.hires.gnu01rain RAMSIN.atex.0050ccn.hires.gnu02rain RAMSIN.atex.0050ccn.hires.gnu03rain RAMSIN.atex.0050ccn.hires.gnu04rain RAMSIN.atex.0050ccn.hires.gnu10rain RAMSIN.atex.0050ccn.hires.hucm-full Simulations can be found at: /precipitation/smsaleeb/DOE.MICRO-simulations/NOBAK/ doe.atex.0050ccn.hires.gnu01rain doe.atex.0050ccn.hires.gnu02rain doe.atex.0050ccn.hires.gnu03dmb1 doe.atex.0050ccn.hires.gnu03rain doe.atex.0050ccn.hires.gnu04rain doe.atex.0050ccn.hires.gnu10rain doe.atex.0050ccn.hires.hucm-full ****************************************************************************** ****************************************************************************** ****************************************************************************** ## ATEX-3D Stratocu - Saleeby Simulations ## proj.2017-doe.micro-all-6.2.11-FLOYD / runrams.atex.stratocu.6.2.11 RAMS VERSION 6.2.11 simid = atex.0050ccn.gnu01rain simid = atex.0050ccn.gnu02rain simid = atex.0050ccn.gnu04rain These are the ATEX stratocumulus evolution simulations that are idealized with periodic boundary conditions and run at 250m horizontal grid spacing and 100 meter vertical spacing. They are run 24-hrs and microphysics budgets are updated every 5-min at the output interval of 5-min. The 5-min data micro budget variables are values accumulated over the 5-min period. We are not subsampling the data horizontally, but we are sub-sampling in time by only providing analysis every 10-min. Micro budgets need to keep this in mind when computing rates/time. Results from these simulations were written up as: [Saleeby et al. 2015: Impacts of cloud droplet-nucleating aerosols on shallow tropical convection. J.Atmos.Sci., 72, 1369-1385.] Output from REVU are in files such as: atex-clean-gnu01-g1-rain.h5 atex-clean-gnu02-g1-rain.h5 atex-clean-gnu04-g1-rain.h5 For simulations details see RAMSIN, Auto, and Proj directory files: Auto.2017-doe.micro-multi-6.2.11 proj.2017-doe.micro-multi-6.2.11-FLOYD / runrams.atex.stratocu.6.2.11/A.RAMSINs / RAMSIN.atex3d.0050.gnu01 RAMSIN.atex3d.0050.gnu02 RAMSIN.atex3d.0050.gnu04 Simulations can be found at: /precipitation/smsaleeb/DOE.MICRO-simulations/NOBAK/ doe.atex.0050ccn.gnu01rain doe.atex.0050ccn.gnu02rain doe.atex.0050ccn.gnu04rain ****************************************************************************** ****************************************************************************** ****************************************************************************** ## NAMMA - Tropical convection - Dust - Twohy/Saleeby Simulations ## proj.2017-doe.micro-all-6.2.11-FLOYD / runrams.namma.tropconv.6.2.11 RAMS VERSION 6.2.11 simid = nammaconv.dustccnin simid = nammaconv.dustinonly simid = nammaconv.nodust For the NAMMA simulations, we are using the simulations run by Steve Saleeby that are idealized convection simulations using the Dunion moist tropical sounding and using a convergence zone for storm initiation. Simulations were run at 250m horizontal spacing and with 108 vertical levels. Output is every 3-minutes and microphysics budgets are accumulated during that time period. The name "DustCCNIN" indicates the simulations using the NAMMA dust and CCN profiles given by Cindy Twohy. "DustINonly" means dust only acted as Ice Nuclei. "NoDust" means we did not initialize with dust, but only the CCN profile from NAMMA. Simulations were run 2hrs15min. Output from REVU are in files such as: nammaconv-dustccnin-g1-rain.h5 nammaconv-dustinonly-g1-rain.h5 nammaconv-nodust-g1-rain.h5 For simulations details see RAMSIN, Auto, and Proj directory files: Auto.2017-doe.micro-multi-6.2.11 proj.2017-doe.micro-multi-6.2.11-FLOYD / runrams.namma.tropconv.6.2.11/A.RAMSINs / RAMSIN.nammaconv.dustccnin RAMSIN.nammaconv.dustinonly RAMSIN.nammaconv.nodust NAMMA simulations can be found at: /precipitation/smsaleeb/DOE.MICRO-simulations/NOBAK/ doe.nammaconv.dustccnin doe.nammaconv.dustinonly doe.nammaconv.nodust ****************************************************************************** ****************************************************************************** ****************************************************************************** ## BSISO - Ben Toms MJO Basin Scale Luzon Thesis Simulations ## FROM SIMULATION ARCHIVE RAMS VERSION 6.2.07 simid = bsiso.phase1 simid = bsiso.phase2 simid = bsiso.phase3 simid = bsiso.phase4 simid = bsiso.phase5 simid = bsiso.phase6 simid = bsiso.phase7 simid = bsiso.phase8 These are MJO / BSISO long time scale simulations from Ben Toms. These simulations were run over the region of Luzon. We are subsetting the regions to be over Luzon in a 5-deg x 5-deg box with a domain that is about 50% land and 50% ocean area. We are using latitudinal points 495-635 and longitudinal points 447-578. There are 8 days of data at 10-minutes interval LITE files. The analysis files were output hourly, so accumulated microphysics budgets were not reset until on the hour. To get at micro budgets in LITE files, we would need to subtract values between LITE file times. This just adds another step to the analysis. We have 1 day of data for each MJO phase. Aerosol profiles were kept static across the domain over time. Horizontal grid spacing is 4km. Results from these simulations were written up as: [Toms et al. 2019: The boreal summer Madden-Julian oscillation and moist convective morphology over the maritime continent. J.Atmos.Sci.) Output from REVU are in files such as: bsiso-phase1-g1-rain.h5 for 7/12/2016 bsiso-phase2-g1-rain.h5 for 7/17/2016 bsiso-phase3-g1-rain.h5 for 7/21/2016 bsiso-phase4-g1-rain.h5 for 7/25/2016 bsiso-phase5-g1-rain.h5 for 7/28/2016 bsiso-phase6-g1-rain.h5 for 8/03/2016 bsiso-phase7-g1-rain.h5 for 8/08/2016 bsiso-phase8-g1-rain.h5 for 8/16/2016 For simulations details see RAMSIN files: Auto.2017-doe.micro-archived-runs / RAMSIN.bsiso Simulations can be found at: /precipitation/smsaleeb/DOE.MICRO-simulations/NOBAK/ doe.bsiso.phase1 doe.bsiso.phase2 doe.bsiso.phase3 doe.bsiso.phase4 doe.bsiso.phase5 doe.bsiso.phase6 doe.bsiso.phase7 doe.bsiso.phase8 ****************************************************************************** ****************************************************************************** ****************************************************************************** ## CAPPM - NASA - Squall line - Saleeby Simulations ## FROM SIMULATION ARCHIVE RAMS VERSION 6.1.06 simid = cappm.squall.control This is the CAPPM Control simulation. These squall line simulations have not been published but have been included in multiple conference presentations and presentations for Wei-Kuo Tao at NASA Goddard. These simulations are of the MC3E May 20, 2011 squall line at 1.0km grid spacing on Grid-3 using grid nesting. We are not subsampling the data. We did not output micro budgets. Data were natively output every 30min on Grid-3. Simulations start at 00Z May 20, 2011 and were run 39 hours. (output in HDF5 reversed arrays) Output from REVU are in files such as: cappm-2011may20-ctrl-g3-rain.h5 For simulations details see RAMSIN files: Auto.2017-doe.micro-archived-runs / RAMSIN.cappm.squall Simulations can be found at: /precipitation/smsaleeb/DOE.MICRO-simulations/NOBAK/ doe.cappm.squall.control ****************************************************************************** ****************************************************************************** ****************************************************************************** ## MC3E - DOE - Squall line - Saleeby/Marinescu Simulations ## FROM SIMULATION ARCHIVE RAMS VERSION 6.1.01 simid = mc3e.squall.clean.5min This is a MC3E squall line control simulations. We are using the rerun 5-min output data for the May 20, 2011 Oklahome squall line case at 1.2km grid spacing on Grid-3 from the CLEan pollution simulation. The 5-min data micro budget variables are values accumulated over the 5-min period. We are not subsampling the data horizontally, but we are sub-sampling in time by only providing analysis every 10-min. Micro budgets need to keep this in mind when computing rates/time. (output in HDF5 reversed arrays) Results from these simulations were written up as: [Saleeby et al. 2016: Aerosol indirect effects on the anvil characteristics of mesoscale convective systems. J.Geo.Res., 121, 10880-10901.] [Marinescu et al. 2016: The microphysical contributions to and evolution of latent heating profiles in two MC3E MCSs. J.Geo.Res., 121, 7913-7935.] Output from REVU are in files such as: mc3e-2011may20-clean-g3-rain.h5 For simulations details see RAMSIN files: Auto.2017-doe.micro-archived-runs / RAMSIN.mc3e.squall.clean Simulations can be found at: /precipitation/smsaleeb/DOE.MICRO-simulations/NOBAK/ doe.mc3e.squall.clean.5min ****************************************************************************** ****************************************************************************** ****************************************************************************** ## Seabreeze - Leah Grant Simulations ## FROM SIMULATION ARCHIVE RAMS VERSION rams6-20121207 (not sure of version number) simid = seabreeze.cpoll simid = seabreeze.ctl For the Seabreeze simulations, we are using simulations from Leah Grant. Simulations were idealized, run at 1km grid spacing. The domain included here is a subsample mostly over land area from grid points 180 to 500 in x-direction. Land further west was ocean area. Use all of y-direction which had periodic boundaries. Analysis included times from 12-21 UTC at 5-min increments. We are examining the control and most polluted simulations with 75% initial soil moisture. Microphysics budgets are accumulted every 5-min between analysis files. (output in HDF5 reversed arrays and without GNU in header files) Results from these simulations were written up as: [Grant and vandenHeever 2014: Aerosol-cloud-land surface interactions within tropical sea breeze convection. J.Geo.Res., 119, 8340-8361.] Output from REVU are in files such as: seabreeze-cpoll-g1-rain.h5 seabreeze-ctl-g1-rain.h5 For simulations details see RAMSIN files: Auto.2017-doe.micro-archived-runs / RAMSIN.seabreeze.cpoll (most polluted) RAMSIN.seabreeze.ctl (control) Seabreeze simulations can be found at: /precipitation/smsaleeb/DOE.MICRO-simulations/NOBAK/ doe.seabreeze.cpoll doe.seabreeze.ctl ****************************************************************************** ****************************************************************************** ****************************************************************************** ## Supercell - HiRes Tornadic Scale - Sean Freeman Simulations ## FROM SIMULATION ARCHIVE RAMS VERSION 6.1.18 simid = supercell-freeman.gnu1 simid = supercell-freeman.gnu2 simid = supercell-freeman.gnu4 For the supercell simulations, we are using Sean Freemean's simulations run at 250m grid spacing and output every 1-min. These were his Gamma GNU test simulations that he has published. We are subsampling every 2 points in the horizontal and every 5-min. The micro budget variables are accumlulated for 1-min periods. The use of gamma distribution shape parameter gnu=1,2,4 varies for RAIN only. (From Sean's originally named simulations such as "SUPER_R4GS250RBG". Results from these simulations were written up as: [Freeman et al. 2019: Relative sensitivities of rainfall prediction to fixed shape parameters and collection efficiences. Q.J.Roy.Met.Soc., 145, 2181-2201. DOI:10.1002/qj.3550] Output from REVU are in files such as: supercell-freeman-gnu1-g1-rain.h5 supercell-freeman-gnu2-g1-rain.h5 supercell-freeman-gnu4-g1-rain.h5 For simulations details see RAMSIN files: Auto.2017-doe.micro-archived-runs / RAMSIN.supercell-freeman.gnu2 SUPERCELL runs can be found at: /precipitation/smsaleeb/DOE.MICRO-simulations/NOBAK/ doe.supercell-freeman.gnu1 doe.supercell-freeman.gnu2 doe.supercell-freeman.gnu4 ****************************************************************************** ****************************************************************************** ****************************************************************************** ## Tropical Convection - Leah Grant Simulations ## FROM SIMULATION ARCHIVE RAMS VERSION 6.1.18 simid = tropconvsys.ctl-clst simid = tropconvsys.ctl-lin For the Tropical Convective simulations we are using simulations from Leah Grant. Simulations were idealized RCE type simulations. The labels "CTL-CLST" indicates the control cluster convection run and "CTL-LIN" indicates the control linear convection run. The cluster simulation data are from hours 10-20 and for the linear convection from hours 8-16. Simulations data are in "LITE" files with "a-L" prefix. Grid spacing is 250m, so we subsample every 2 points from x-direction points 100 to 1900 within the nudging zone. Analysis files writes were every hour, so accumulated microphysics budgets were not reset until on the hour. To get at micro budgets in LITE files, we would need to subtract values between LITE file times. This just adds another step to the analysis. Output of LITE files is every 10-min so we sample at this frequency. Results from these simulations were written up as: [Grant et al. 2018: The role of cold pools in tropical oceanic convective systems. J.AtmosSci., 75, 2615-2634.] Output from REVU are in files such as: tropconv-ctlclst-g1-rain.h5 tropconv-ctllin-g1-rain.h5 For simulations details see RAMSIN files: Auto.2017-doe.micro-archived-runs / RAMSIN.tropconv.ctl-clst RAMSIN.tropconv.ctl-lin Tropical convective simulations can be found at: /precipitation/smsaleeb/DOE.MICRO-simulations/NOBAK/ doe.tropconvsys.ctl-clst doe.tropconvsys.ctl-lin ############################################################################### ############################################################################### NEW SIMULATIONS EXTRA DETAILS ############################################################################### ############################################################################### ******************************************************************************* proj.2017-doe.micro-multi-6.2.11-FLOYD / runrams.namma.tropconv.6.2.11 ******************************************************************************* This project involves using the Loftus et al. (2008) convergence method for generating idealized convection. I am using the Dunion (2011) composite tropical soundings to generated tropical convection in a moist tropical (MT) environment. Initially used a warm bubble to initiate convection, then Sue decided that using convergence would be better. Apparently some in the field no longer like using thermals to generate idealized convection. Perhaps using convergence will eliminate the model shock and generation of gravity waves that often results from using a warm bubble. That being said, I wanted to save the model configurations for the warm bubble tests. There were 9 tests that are outlined in my notes. They are as follows: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CONVERGENCE TESTS INFORMATION ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Forced Convection using surface convergence (Loftus et al. 2008) 2. Initial moist tropical (MT) sounding (Dunion 2011) To generate convection via convergence, there are a number of parameters that have to be tuned that impact the nature of the convection. 1. radius of convergence 2. depth of convergence 3. amplitude of convergence 4. threshold for stopping convergence either by meeting time or vertical velocity criteria From initial tests and from Loftus et al. (2008) it seems that representative convection is generated for convergence width of 5km (represented by number of grid points in RAMSIN) and depth of 1km. These need to be tested and varied depending upon the sounding. Chose to try Radius of convergence of 7km to see if I can get a larger area of convergence. This did make a larger area with larger anvil and slightly stronger updrafts. Might go with this size for further experiments. This set of tests look rather good in terms of updraft and anvil production. Max W varies from 20s up to 42m/s. Interpolated Cindy Twohy's aerosol profiles to the RAMS levels and made appropriate conversions between her data (#/cm3) and RAMS (#/kg). ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FINAL DECISION ON CONTROL TESTS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- RESOLUTION: DX=250m DZ=50-250m, NNXP=350 NNYP=350 NNZP=108, DTLONG=4 At this point I like the 7km radius, 4.5e-6 conergence and convergence stop at 3600s. This give an Max W just under 40m/s, 50min of simulation with W>10m/s, a good sized elliptical anvil, good dust removal, a single convective pulse, good looking cross-sections of condensate and W. Reducing the radius of convergence, the amplitude, and/or the duration of applied convergences gives smaller storms, weaker W, much less anvil, less dust processing. Used only the "MT" sounding for production runs to look at dust as microphysically active CCN and/or INP. 1. 07km.4.50e-6conv.nodust.mt - No dust 2. 07km.4.50e-6conv.dustbg.mt - Background (5%) dust 3. 07km.4.50e-6conv.dustccnin.mt - Dust as CCN and INP 4. 07km.4.50e-6conv.dustin.mt - Dust as INP only 5. 07km.4.50e-6conv.dustccn.mt - Dust as CCN only 6. 07km.4.50e-6conv.dustin.mt.tlimit - Dust as INP only, dont apply DeMott below 236K ############################################################################### ******************************************************************************* proj.2017-doe.micro-multi-6.2.11-FLOYD / runrams.supercell.grant.6.2.12 ******************************************************************************* These are tests of the rain self-collection routine to examine how rain drop breakup occurs if we change the collection efficiency curve and negative E cutoffs relative to the default of E >= -5. Using the control RAMSIN from Leah Grant based on her JAS papers in 2014,2015. But my tests here are much coarser spacing for simplicity. I'm using her physics specs, but ZROUGH=0.0001. Freeslip flag is set to on, so SFLUX surface terms are zero. Leah Grant sounding (JAS 2014,2015, Weisman-Klemp type sounding) 1.supercell.grant.orig-revised = CONTROL experiment with: a. standard collection efficiency coefficient (0.1326e7) b. DMB1 (rain) = 0.3mm c. E (min) = -5.0 d. GNU (rain) = 2 The tests below are same as the CONTROL except for the described change: 2.supercell.grant.min-5.0.gnu2.dmb0.1 = same as (1) but with DMB1 (rain) = 0.1mm 3.supercell.grant.effxy-0.80e6 = changing shape of "eff" curve by changing exponential coefficient from 0.1326e7 to 0.80e6. This pushes the curve outward so that is crosses the zero line at larger size drops. 4.supercell.grant.effxy-0.50e6 = changing shape of "eff" curve by changing exponential coefficient from 0.1326e7 to 0.50e6. This pushes the curve outward so that is crosses the zero line at larger size drops. 5.supercell.grant.min-1.0 = changing E(min) from -5.0 to -1.0 to limit the strength of breakup. The choice of -5.0 seems arbitrary and there is no documentation for why to use that value. 6.supercell.grant.min-0.5 = changing E(min) from -5.0 to -0.5 to limit the strength of breakup. 7.supercell.grant.min-0.3 = changing E(min) from -5.0 to -0.3 to limit the strength of breakup. 8.supercell.grant.min-0.1 = changing E(min) from -5.0 to -0.1 to limit the strength of breakup. 9.supercell.grant.min-0.0 = changing E(min) from -5.0 to -0.0 to limit the strength of breakup. 10.supercell.grant.min-1.0.gnu1 = changing E(min) from -5.0 to -1.0 and GNU (rain) from 2 to 1. 11.supercell.grant.min-0.1.gnu1 = changing E(min) from -5.0 to -0.1 and GNU (rain) from 2 to 1. 12.supercell.grant.min-0.3.gnu1 = changing E(min) from -5.0 to -0.3 and GNU (rain) from 2 to 1. 13.supercell.grant.min-0.3.gnu4 = changing E(min) from -5.0 to -0.3 and GNU (rain) from 2 to 4. 14.supercell.grant.min-0.3.gnu3 = changing E(min) from -5.0 to -0.3 and GNU (rain) from 2 to 3.